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Chapter 8: Nervous System and Psychiatry
Quiz 2: Sept. 4th
63
Pharmacology
Professional
08/28/2014

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Term
cerebr/o
Definition

cerebrum 

(largest part of the brain)

Term
cerebell/o
Definition

cerebellum

(little brain)

Term
crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
encephal/o
Definition
entire brain
Term
esthesi/o
Definition
sensation
Term
gangli/o
Definition

ganglion

(knot)

Term
gli/o
Definition
glue
Term
gnos/o
Definition
knowing
Term
kinesi/o
Definition
movement
Term
lex/o
Definition
word or phrase
Term
mening/o, meningi/o
Definition

meninges

(membrane)

 

Term
myel/o
Definition
spinal cord or bone marrow
Term
marc/o
Definition
stupor or sleep
Term
neur/o
Definition
nerve
Term
phas/o
Definition
speech
Term
phob/o
Definition
exaggerated fear or sensitivity
Term
phor/o
Definition
carry or bear
Term
phren/o, psych/o, thym/o
Definition
mind
Term
schiz/o
Definition
split
Term
somat/o
Definition
body
Term
somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o
Definition
sleep
Term
spin/o
Definition

spine

(thorn)

Term
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
Definition
vertebra
Term
stere/o
Definition
three-dimensional or solid
Term
tax/o
Definition
order or coordination
Term
thalam/o
Definition

thalamus 

(a room)

Term
ton/o
Definition
tone or tension
Term
top/o
Definition
place
Term
ventricul/o
Definition

ventricle 

(belly or pouch)

Term
cata-
Definition
down
Term
-asthenia
Definition
weakness
Term
-lepsy
Definition
seizure
Term
-mania
Definition
condition of abnormal impulse toward
Term
-paresis
Definition
slight paralysis
Term
-plegia
Definition
paralysis
Term
central nervous system (CNS)
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
brain
Definition
portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium
Term
cerebrum
Definition
largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
portion posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
portion that lies below the frontal lobe; resposible for hearing, taste, and smell
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes; responsible for vision
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter; responsible for higher mental functions (cortex=bark)
Term
thalamus and diencephalon
Definition
each of two gray matter nuclei deep within the brain; responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex
Term
gyri
Definition
convolutions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres
Term
sulci
Definition
shallow grooves that separate gyri
Term
fissures
Definition
deep grooves in the brain
Term
cerebellum
Definition
portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles
Term
brainstem
Definition
region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature; the three levels are the mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata
Term
ventricles
Definition
series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Term
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Definition
plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord
Term
spinal cord
Definition
column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body
Term
meninges
Definition
three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater
Term
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Definition
nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves)
Term
cranial nerves
Definition
12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain
Term
spinal nerves
Definition
31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
Term
sensory nerves
Definition
nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain; also called afferent nerves
Term
motor nerves
Definition
nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; also called efferent nerves
Term
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Definition
nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
control center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus (diencephalon)
Term
sympathetic nervous system
Definition
division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience
Term

aphasia

dysphasia

Definition
impairment because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease
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