024) An acute, inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itchy skin; it is caused by exposer to excessive heat and usually clears in short time without treatment:

A) Milaria Rubra

B) Heat Rash

C) Prickly Heat

D) A,B,C are Correct

Milaria Rubra,Heat Rash,Prickly Heat

Miliaria rubra (mil-ee-AIR-ee-ah _ ROOB-rah), also known as prickly heat, is an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin. It is caused by exposure to excessive heat and usually clears in a short time without treatment.

025) Which is not classified as a disorder of the Sudoriferous gland: 

A) Milaria Rubra

B) Bromhydrosis

C) Milia

D) Hyperhydrosis

MILIA

Milia (MIL-ee-uh) are benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening. They resemble small sesame seeds and are almost always perfectly round. They are commonly associated with newborn babies but can appear on the skin of people of all ages. They are usually found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead and they appear as small, whitish masses. Depending on the state, Milia can be treated in the salon or spa.

087) A scale to measure the skin type's ability to tolerate sun exposer: 

A) Wood's Scale

B) Logarithmic Scale

C) Fitzpatrick Scale

D) Richter Scale

FITZPATRICK SCALE

The Fitzpatrick Skin Type is a skin classification system first developed in 1975 by Thomas Fitzpatrick, MD, of Harvard Medical School. His skin classification system and its adaptations are familiar to dermatologists. In order to determine your Fitzpatrick Skin Type, our quiz measures two components (genetic disposition and reaction to sun exposure). Types range from the very fair (Type I) to the very dark (Type VI

113) Congenital hypo-pigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment in the body; including the hair, skin, and eyes:

A) Vitiligo

B) Leukoderma

C) Lentigines

D) Albinism

ALBINISM

Albinism (AL-bi-niz-em) is congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment in the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes. Hair is silky white. The skin is pinkish white and will not tan. The eyes are pink, and the skin is sensitive to light and ages early.

114) A hereditary condition that causes hypo-pigmented spots and blotches on the skin that may be related to thyroid conditions: 

A) Vitiligo

B) Leukoderma

C) Lentigines

D) Albinism

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144) The process used to soften & emulsify greasy deposits (oil) and comedones in the hair follicle: 

A) Dr. Jacquet Movement

B) Desquamation

C) Desincrustation

D) Iontophotesis

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Desincrustation

(des-inkrus-TAy-shun) is a form of anaphoresis and is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles. Desincrustation is frequently used to treat acne, Milia (small, white crust-like pimples), and comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).

149) Name given a skin sore or abrasion produced by scraping or scratching: 

A) Fissure

B) Excoriation

C) Cictrix

D) Ulcer

EXCORIATION

excoriation /ex·co·ri·a·tion/ (eks-ko″re-a´shun) any superficial loss of substance, as that produced on the skin by scratching.

150) This is the technical term for boil; it is an acute, localized, staphylococci bacterial infection, of the hair follicle, it is limited to specific area, causes constant pain, and produces pustule: 

A) Wheal

B) Favos Vulgaris

C) Carbuncle

D) Furuncle

[image]

FURUNCLE

 A furuncle (FYOO-rung-kul) is the technical term for a boil, an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain. It is limited to a specific area and produces a pustule perforated by a hair.

• A carbuncle (KAHR-bung-kul) is an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. It is similar to a furuncle but is larger. A boil, also known as a furuncle is a skin abscess, a painful bump that forms under the skin - it is full of puss. A carbuncle is collection of boils that develop under the skin. When bacteria infect hair follicles they can swell up and turn into boils. Such abscesses respond to hot packs and lancing, rather than antibiotics, experts say. Antibiotics may be used if the infection spreads into a deeper layer of skin. A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue.[1] Individual boils clustered together are called carbuncles.[2] Most human infections are caused by coagulase-positive S. aureus strains, notable for the bacteria's ability to produce coagulase, an enzyme that can clot blood. Almost any organ system can be infected by S. aureus

151) Similar to a ___________but larger, a________________is an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by the staphylococci bacteria: 

A) Vesicle,Wheal

B) Furuncle, Favosa Vulgaris

C) Furuncle, Caruncle

D) Caruncle, Furuncle

FURUNCLE,CARUNCLE

A furuncle (FYOO-rung-kul) is the technical term for a boil, an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain. It is limited to a specific area and produces a pustule perforated by a hair.

• A carbuncle (KAHR-bung-kul) is an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. It is similar to a furuncle but is larger. A boil, also known as a furuncle is a skin abscess, a painful bump that forms under the skin - it is full of puss. A carbuncle is collection of boils that develop under the skin. When bacteria infect hair follicles they can swell up and turn into boils. Such abscesses respond to hot packs and lancing, rather than antibiotics, experts say. Antibiotics may be used if the infection spreads into a deeper layer of skin. A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue.[1] Individual boils clustered together are called carbuncles.[2] Most human infections are caused by coagulase-positive S. aureus strains, notable for the bacteria's ability to produce coagulase, an enzyme that can clot blood. Almost any organ system can be infected by S. aureus

174) The most common skin cancer is referred to as:

A) Basal Cell Carcinoma

B) Squamous Cell Carcinoma

C) Malignant Melanoma

D) Erthema Carcinoma

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-growing form of skin cancer. Skin cancer falls into two major groups: Nonmelanoma and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is a type of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

175) The least dangerous skin cancer is referred to as:

A) Basal Cell Carcinoma

B) Squamous Cell Carinoma

C) Malignant Melanoma

D) Erthema Carcinoma

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-growing form of skin cancer. Skin cancer falls into two major groups: Nonmelanoma and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is a type of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

176) The most dangerous and least common skin cancer is referred to as:

A) Basal Cell Carinoma

B) Squamous Cell Carinoma

C) Malignant Melanoma

D) Erthema Carinoma

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. Malignant means that the cells are positive for cancer. Therefore, malignant melanoma means your cells are positive for cancer.

178) Type of bacteria that may appear alone (singular) or in pairs: 

A) Bacilla

B) Diplococci

C) Cocci

D) Sprilla

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COCCI

 Cocci (KOK-sy) are round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups

Coccus (plural cocci or coccuses) can be used to describe any bacterium that has a spherical shape. It is one of the three distinct types of bacteria shapes, the other two being bacillus (rod-shaped) and spirillum (spiral-shaped) cells. Coccus is an English loanword of aNeolatin noun, which in turn stems from the Greek masculine noun kokkos (κόκκος) meaning "berry"

210) Acute, localized, bacterial infection, of a hair follicle, causing pain:

A) Carbuncle

B) Vesicle

C) Furbuncle

D) Ulcer

[image]

FURUNCLE 

A furuncle (FYOO-rung-kul) is the technical term for a boil, an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain. It is limited to a specific area and produces a pustule perforated by a hair

• A carbuncle (KAHR-bung-kul) is an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. It is similar to a furuncle but is larger. A boil, also known as a furuncle is a skin abscess, a painful bump that forms under the skin - it is full of puss. A carbuncle is collection of boils that develop under the skin. When bacteria infect hair follicles they can swell up and turn into boils. Such abscesses respond to hot packs and lancing, rather than antibiotics, experts say. Antibiotics may be used if the infection spreads into a deeper layer of skin. A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue.[1] Individual boils clustered together are called carbuncles.[2] Most human infections are caused by coagulase-positive S. aureus strains, notable for the bacteria's ability to produce coagulase, an enzyme that can clot blood. Almost any organ system can be infected by S. aureus

244) Process involving the Sebaceous Glands and involved in moisturizing and lubricating the skin:

A) Halitosis

B) Anhidrosis

C) Secretion

D) Excretion

SECRETION

The skin contains two types of duct glands that extract materials from the blood to form new substances. these are sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands

Sebaceous glands (sih-BAY-shus GLANZ), also known as oil glands, are connected to the hair follicles. They consist of little sacs with ducts that open into the follicles. These glands secrete sebum (SEE-bum), a fatty or oily substance that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair. With the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, these glands are found in all parts of the body, particularly in the face and scalp, where they are larger.

261) Which rays of sun are responsible for burning of the skin:

A) UVB

B) UVC

C) UVA

d) V.C.'S

UVB

UVB rays, also known as burning rays, cause sunburns, tanning of the skin, and the majority of skin cancers. These are shorter rays that stop penetration at the base of the epidermis.

262) Which rays of sun are responsible for aging / wrinkling  of the skin:

A) UVB

B) UVC

C) UVA

d) V.C.'S

UVA

UVA rays, also known as aging rays, are deep-penetrating rays that can even go through a glass window. These rays weaken the collagen and elastin fibers, causing wrinkling and sagging of the tissues.

263) Which rays cause damage to the skin (wrinkling, burning, & cancer): 

A) Tesla

B) High Frequency Rays

C) Ultra-violet Rays

D) Violet Rays

ULTRA VIOLET RAYS

The sun and its ultraviolet (UV) light have the greatest impact of all extrinsic factors on how skin ages. Approximately 80 to 85 percent of the symptoms of aging skin are caused by the rays of the sun. As we age, the collagen and elastin fibers of the skin naturally weaken. This weakening happens at a much faster rate when the skin is frequently exposed to UV light without proper protection.

284) Leukoderma refers to:

A) Dark spots / Milasma

B) White spots on the skin

C) White blood cells

D) White spots on the nail

WHITE SPOTS ON THE SKIN

Leukoderma (loo-koh-DUR-muh) is a skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches (hypopigmentation); it is caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells. Examples are vitiligo and albinism.

319) The sebaceous gland produce:

A) Sebum

B) Sweat

C) Oil

D) A and C

Sebum and Oil

SECRETION...The skin contains two types of duct glands that extract materials from the blood to form new substances. These are sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands

Sebaceous glands (sih-BAY-shus GLANZ), also known as oil glands, are connected to the hair follicles. They consist of little sacs with ducts that open into the follicles. These glands secrete sebum (SEE-bum), a fatty or oily substance that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair. With the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, these glands are found in all parts of the body, particularly in the face and scalp, where they are larger.

380) The layer of the skin containing the most blood is the:

A) Epidermis

C) Dermis

C) Subcutaneous

D) Adipose

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Dermis

The dermis (DUR-mis), also known as derma (DUR-muh), corium (KOH-ree-um), cutis (KYOO-tis), or true skin, is the underlying or inner layer of the skin. The dermis extends to form the subcutaneous tissue. The highly sensitive dermis layer of connective tissue is about 25 times thicker than the epidermis. Within its structure, there are numerous blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, and hair follicles, as well as arrector pili muscles. Arrector pili muscles (ah-REK-tohr PY-leh _MUS-uls) are the small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair that cause goose flesh—or goose bumps, as many people call them—and papillae. The dermis is comprised of two layers: the papillary (superficial layer) and the reticular (deeper layer).

• The papillary layer (PAP-uh-lair-ee LAY-ur) is the outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis. Here you will find the dermal papillae (DUR-mul _ puh-PIL-eye) (singular: dermal papilla; DUR-mul _ puh-PIL-uh), which are small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles. Some papillae contain looped capillaries, and others contain small epidermal structures called tactile corpuscles (TAK-tile _ KOR-pusuls), with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure. This layer also contains melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis is called the epidermal–dermal junction (ep-ih-DUR-mul - DUR-mul _ JUNK-shun).

• The reticular layer (ruh-TIK-yuh-lur _ LAY-ur) is the deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with all of its oxygen and nutrients. It contains the following structures within its network:

 • Fat cells  

 • Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

• Blood vessels

• Hair follicles

• Lymph vessels

• Arrector pili muscles

• Sebaceous (oil) glands

• Nerve endings

Subcutaneous tissue (sub-kyoo-TAY-nee-us _ TISH-oo), also known as adipose tissue (AD-uh-pohs TISH-oo) or subcutis tissue (sub- KYOO-tis _ TISH-oo), is the fatty tissue found below the dermis. It gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fats for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the skin. Subcutaneous tissue varies in thickness according to the age, gender, and general health of the individual