Appendicular Skeleton

- includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs

- the girdles of bones that attach the upper and lower limbs to the axial skeleton

Pectoral girdle consists of bones that holds...

upper limbs in place

Pelvic girdle consists of bones that hold...

lower limbs in place

What two bones from the pectoral girdle?

1) clavicle

2) scapula

What does the clavicle form?

collarbone

What does the scapula form?

shoulder blade

What are the two processes of scapula?

1) coracoid process

2) acromion process

How many bones does the whole upper limb contain?

All together = 60

On each = 30

The upper limbs include...

- Humerus

- Radius & Ulna

- 8 Carpals

- 5 Metacarpals

- 14 Phalanges

Humerus

- the head articulates w/ the glenoid cavity of the scapula

- greater and lesser tubercle are important sites for muscle attachments

Radius & Ulna

- bones of the forearm

Carpals

bones closes proximity to the wrist

Metacarpals

bones in the palm of the hand

Phalanges

finger bones

What four bones composes the adult pelvis?

sacrum, coccyx, right os coxae and left os coxae

What is the function of the pelvis?

protects and supports the viscera in the inferior part of the ventral body cavity

Pelvic girdle refers only to the...

left and right oss coxae

Os Coxae

"the hip bone"

What are the three bones that make up the os coxae?

ilium, ischium, pubis

What is the function of the true pelvis?

protects reproductive organs

What is the function false pelvis?

protects abdominal organs

Each lower limb contains 30 bones that include:

- fibula

- tibula

- femur

- patella

- 7 tarsals

- 5 metatarsals

-14 phalanges

Femur

- has a rounded head and elongated neck

- greater and lesser trochanters are prjections near the head

- medial and lateral condyles articulate w/ the condyles of the tibia

Patella

 the kneecap

Tibia

medially located and its medial malleolous forms the medial bump of the ankle

Fibula

laterally located and its lateral malleolous forms the lateral bump of the ankle

Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

our weight is transferred along the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot

Upper limbs first appear as limb buds...

during the 4th week

Lower limb development lags behind by..

2- 4 days

Degenerative changes do not begin until...

middle age

Measurable calcium loss in men begins...

at age 45

Measurable calcium loss in women begins..

as early as 35

Polydactyly

condition of having extra digits

Ectrodactyly

the absence of a digit

Syndactyly

refers to "webbing" or abnormal fusion of the digits

Amelia

complete absence of a limb

Phocomelia

 short poorly formed limb that resembles the flipper of a seal