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Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Key Terms & Concepts
33
Criminology
12th Grade
06/30/2011

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Term
Acid Phosphatase
Definition
An enzyme found in high concentration in semen.
Term
Agglutination
Definition
The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody.
Term
Allele
Definition
Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes.
Term
Antibody
Definition
A protein in the blood serum that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen.
Term
Antigen
Definition
a substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it.
Term
Antiserum
Definition
Blood serum that contains specific antibodies.
Term
Aspermia
Definition
The absence of sperm; sterility in males.
Term
Chromosome
Definition
A threadlike structure in the cell nucleus, along which the genes are located.
Term
Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)
Definition
The molecules that carry the body's genetic information.
Term
Egg
Definition
The female reproductive cell.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
A protein that acts as a catalyst for certain specific reactions.
Term
Erythrocyte
Definition
A red blood cell.
Term
Gene
Definition
The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual.
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
A red blood cell protein that transports oxygen in the bloodstream; it is responsible for the red color of blood.
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Having two different allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Having two identical allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes.
Term
Hybridoma Cells
Definition
Fused spleen and tumor cells. Used to produce identical monoclonal antibodies in a limitless supply.
Term
Locus
Definition
The physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
Term
Luminol
Definition
The most sensitive chemical test that is capable of presumptively detecting bloodstains diluted up to 300,000 times. Its reaction with blood emits light and thus requires that the result be observed in a darkened area.
Term
Monoclonal Antibodies
Definition
A collection of identical antibodies that interact with a single antigen site.
Term
Oligospermia
Definition
An abnormally low sperm count.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, or blood types.
Term
Plasma
Definition
The fluid portion of unclotted blood.
Term
Polyclonal Antibodies
Definition
Antibodies produced by injecting animals with a specific antigen. A series of antibodies is produced responding to a variety of different sites on the antigen
Term
Polymorphism
Definition
The existence of more than one form of a genetic trait.
Term
Precipitin
Definition
An antibody that reacts with its corresponding antigen to form a precipitate.
Term
Serology
Definition
The study of antigen-antibody reactions.
Term
Serum
Definition
The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed.
Term
Sperm
Definition
The male reproductive cell.
Term
X Chromosome
Definition
The female sex chromosome.
Term
Y Chromosome
Definition
The male sex chromosome.
Term
Zygote
Definition
The cell arising from the union of an egg and a sperm cell.
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