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| adopted in 1951, prevents a president from serving more than two terms, or more than ten years if he came to office via the death or impeachment of his predecessor |
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| the power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, or other "civil officers", including federal judges, with "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing such government officials from office. |
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| an implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary |
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| Key Supreme Court ruling on power of the president, finding that there is no absolute constitutional executive privilege to allow a president to refuse to comply with a court order to produce information needed in a criminal trial |
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| Adopted in 1967 to establish procedures for filling vacancies in the office of president and vice president as well as providing for procedures to deal with the disability of a president |
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| formal body of presidential advisers who head the fifteen executive departments. Presidents often add others to this body of formal advisers. |
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| formal government agreement entered into by the president that does not require the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate |
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| formal, constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing their becoming law without further Congressional action |
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| authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislature that involves taxing or spending. The legislature may override a veto, usually with a two-thirds majority of each chamber. |
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| Passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period |
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| An executive grant providing registration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convicted of a crime |
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| powers of the president that can be derived or inferred from specific powers in the Constitution |
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| The name given to the program of "Relief, Recovery, Reform" begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression |
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| Executive Office of the President (EOP) |
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| Establishment created in 1939 to help the president oversee the executive branch bureaucracy |
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| Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support |
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| Office of Management and Budget (OMB) |
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| The office that prepares the president's annual budget proposal, reviews the budget and programs of the executive departments, supplies economic forecasts, and conducts detailed analyses of proposed bills and agency rules |
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| Rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register |
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| a set of complex hierarchical departments, agencies, commissions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his or her duties. Bureaucracies may be private organizations of governmental units |
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| The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party and their replacement with loyalists of the newly elected party |
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| jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends an political allies for their support |
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| Reform measure that created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system. The act classified the federal service by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination. It made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party. |
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| The system created by civil service laws by which many appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made. |
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| The system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, to which appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations. |
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| independent regulatory commisssion |
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| An agency created by Congress that is generally concerned with a specific aspect of the economy. |
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| Law enacted in 1939 to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate |
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| Federal Employees Political Activities Act |
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| 1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in non-partisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections |
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| Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture |
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| businesses established by Congress that perform functions that could be provided by private businesses |
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| independent executive agencies |
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| Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have a narrower area of responsibility (such as the CIA) and are not part of any Cabinet department |
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| process by which a law or policy is put into operation by the bureaucracy |
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| The relatively stable relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among an agency, interest groups, and congressional committees or sub committees |
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| The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas |
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| Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies |
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| administrative discretion |
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| The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional intentions |
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| A quasi-legislative administrative process that has the characteristics of a legislative act |
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| rules that govern the operation of a particular government program that have the force of law |
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| administrative adjudication |
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| A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes |
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| Rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register. |
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