Term
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Definition
| Mental activities involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using knowledge. |
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Term
| Cognitive building blocks |
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Definition
1) Mental images
2) Concepts
-concrete vs. abstract
-artificial vs. natural |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental representation of a previously stored sensory experience, including visual, auditory, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental representation of a group or category that shares similar characteristics (e.g., the concept of a river groups together the Nile, Amazon, & Mississippi) |
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Term
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Definition
(e.g., Car, concert)
vs.
(e.g., intelligence, pornography) |
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Term
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Definition
Artificial-formed by logical, specific rules (e.g., triangle)
Natural-formed by everyday life experiences (e.g., bird) |
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Term
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Definition
| Grouping concepts into subcategories within broader categories. |
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Term
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Definition
Step 1
identifying, separation, & defining the ultimate goal |
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Term
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Definition
Step 2
generating possible solutions, called hypotheses, by using algorithms &/or heuristics |
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Term
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Definition
Step 3
judging hypotheses in Step 2 against the criteria in Step 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Persistence in using strategies that have worked in the past |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking of an object as only functioning in its usual way |
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Term
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Definition
| preferring information that confirms preexisting positions or beliefs, while ignoring contradictory evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| judging ther likelihood of an event based on how readily available other instances are in memory |
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Term
| Representativeness Heuristic |
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Definition
| estimating the probability of something based on how well the circumstances match (or represent) a previous prototype (e.g., expecting to buy a hamburger when you go to a McDonalds or similar fast food resturant) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way |
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Term
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Definition
producing many alternatives or ideas from a single starting point; linked to creativity.
(e.g., reordering the letters "grevenidt" to form many new words) |
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Term
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Definition
attempting to find one correct answer; linked to conventional non-creative thinking.
(e.g., 2+2+6=?) |
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Term
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Definition
| form of communication using sounds and symbols combined according to specified rules |
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Term
| Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis |
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Definition
Whorf's
Language determines thought
(e.g., inuits have many words for snow) |
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Term
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Definition
Crying, cooing, and babbling
birth-12 months |
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Term
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Definition
Single utterances, telegraphic speech, and learning the rules of grammar.
12 months-2 years |
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Term
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Definition
| language is an inborn capacity that develops primarily by maturation |
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Term
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Definition
| language develops from a complex system of rewards, punishments, and imitation |
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Term
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Definition
| global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment |
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Term
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Definition
intelligence is a single, general factor
(Spearman) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| fluid (gf) & crystallized intelligence (gc) |
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Definition
single ability with two types of "g"
(Cattell) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| establishes norms and uniform procedures for giving and scoring tests |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the consistency and stability of test scores when test is readministered |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| signigicantly below average in intellectual and adaptive functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| being in the top one or two percent (IQs of 135 and above) |
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Term
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Definition
individuals who generally score very low on IQ tests, but demonstrate exceptional skills or brilliance in specific areas
(e.g., rapid math calculation, musical ability, etc.) |
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