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Chapter 8 vocabulary
Vocabulary of Chp 8 Physical Science Prentice Hall Book
34
Science
8th Grade
03/08/2011

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Term
diamond
Definition
a crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded strongly to four other carbon atoms.
Term
graphite
Definition
a form of the element carbon in which a carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers
Term
fullerene
Definition
a form of carbon that consists of atoms arranged in the shape of a hollow sphere
Term
nanotube
Definition
a form of carbon that consists of atoms in the form of a long, hollow cylinder
Term
organic compounds
Definition
most compounds that contain carbon
Term
hydrocarbon
Definition
a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen
Term
structural formula
Definition
a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number and arrangement of atoms
Term
isomers
Definition
compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures
Term
saturated hydrocarbon
Definition
a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds
Term
unsaturated hydrocarbon
Definition
a hydrocarbon in which one or more of the bonds between carbon atoms is double or triple
Term
substituted hydrocarbon
Definition
a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements
Term
hydroxl group
Definition
an OH group found in alcohols
Term
alcohol
Definition
a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxl groups
Term
organic acid
Definition
a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the COOH groups of atoms
Term
carboxyl group
Definition
a COOH group found in organic acids
Term
ester
Definition
an organic compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid
Term
polymer
Definition
a large molecule in which many smaller molecules are bonded together
Term
monomer
Definition
one molecule that makes up the links in a polymer chain
Term
protein
Definition
an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids
Term
amino acid
Definition
one of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins
Term
plastic
Definition
a synthetic polymer that can be molded or shaped
Term
composite
Definition
a combination of two or more substances that creates a new material with different properties
Term
carbohydrate
Definition
an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen
Term
glucose
Definition
a simple carbohydrate the monomer of many complex carbohydrates
Term
coomplex carbohydrate
Definition
a long chain or polymer of simple carbohydrates
Term
starch
Definition
a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy
Term
cellulose
Definition
a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures
Term
lipid
Definition
an energy rich organic compound made of carbon oxygen and hydrogen. fats oils waxes and cholesterol are examples
Term
fatty acid
Definition
an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil
Term
cholesterol
Definition
a waxy lipid in animal cells
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
a very large organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus:DNA and RNA are examples
Term
nucleotide
Definition
an organic compound that is one of the monomers of nucleic acids
Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleicacid, one type of nucleic acid
Term
RNA
Definition
ribonucleic acid, atype of nucleic acid
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