Term
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Definition
| Messenger RNA. This is the intermediate message that is translated into a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer RNA. This brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ribosomal RNA. This forms part of ribosomes |
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Term
| How is transcription similar to replication? |
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Definition
| They both: occur in nucleus, are catalyzed by large and complex enzymes, involve unwinding of the DNA, are highly regulated by cell, and involve complementary base pairing |
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Term
| What is the end result of transcription? Replication? |
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Definition
Transcription=RNA
Replication=DNA |
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Term
| Which occurs more- transcription or replication? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is the process that converts mRNA into a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Can there be more than one codon for the same amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many stop codons are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does changing the reading frame change the protein? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false.
The codons in different animals code for different things. For example, AAA in humans codes for Phenylalanine, whereas in pigs it might code for Leucine. |
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Definition
| False. The genetic code in shared by almost all organisms- even viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the three bases on tRNA that match up with its complementary codon on mRNA |
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Term
| Ribosomes have a large and small subunit. What does each do? |
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Definition
Large subunit binds to tRNA.
Small subunit bonds to mRNA |
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Term
| Does the stop codon have an anticodon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does translation have few steps and require little energy? |
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Definition
| No. Translation has many steps and takes a lot of energy from a cell. |
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Term
Put these steps of translation in order:
A. Ribosome helps form a peptide bond between the amino acid and breaks the bond between tRNA and the amino acid.
B. Ribosome reachs UGA and stops and releases protein.
C. Exposed codon on mRNA pairs with complementary tRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a point mutation? |
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Definition
| A mutation where one nucleotide is substituted for another. |
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Term
| What is a frame shift mutation? |
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Definition
| A mutation where a nucleotide is inserted or deleted, shifting the reading frame. |
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Term
| Which is more harmful- a point mutation or a frame shift mutation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in translocation? |
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Definition
| Two nonhomologous chromosomes exchange genes. |
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Term
| What is gene duplication? |
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Definition
| When two homologous chromosomes don't align with each other causing one chromosome to have extra genes and another to have missing genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutagens are agents in the environment that can change DNA |
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Term
| What does UV light do to DNA? |
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Definition
| UV light causes thymine and adenine to break their bonds and bond with themselves instead. |
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Term
| Are chromosomal or gene mutations more affecting to an organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are mutations on body cells passed on to offspring? Are mutations on germ cells passed on to offspring? |
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Definition
Body cell- no
Germ cell- yes |
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Term
| True or false. The small number of replication errors that build up over time are mutations that are a significant cause of aging. |
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Definition
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