Term
| What are the four Nitrogen-containing bases that DNA is made up of? Which pairs with which? |
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Definition
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
A-T
C-G |
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Term
What is a pyrimidine?
What is a purine? |
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Definition
Pyrimidine = single ring
Purine = double ring |
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Term
| What are the three parts of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
| A phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base, and a deoxyribose (sugar) |
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Term
| Which two bases have a double ring structure? A single ring structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Erwin Chargaff discover? |
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Definition
| He discovered that the amount of Adenine approximately = the amount of thymine and that the amount of cytosine approximately = the amount of guanine. |
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Term
| What are Chargaff's rules? |
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Definition
| The A=T and C=G relationships |
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Term
| Who were the two scientists who discovered the structure of DNA? |
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Definition
| James Watson and Francis Crick |
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Term
| What was the evidence that lead Watson and Crick to believe that DNA had the shape of a double helix? |
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Definition
| The X-rays that Rosalind Franklin produced. |
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Term
| What did the x-rays of DNA look like? |
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Definition
| An circle with a X in the middle |
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Term
| Sugars and phosphates in a DNA strand are joined with what type of bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen containing bases are held together with what type of bands? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the DNA strand is ACTG what will the other side be? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle. This is during the Synthesis stage. |
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Term
| True or false, proteins catalyze the process of replication. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the group of enzymes called that binds the new nucleotides to the DNA during replication? |
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Definition
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Term
Place these steps of replication in order-
A. Enzymes unzip the DNA
B. Two identical double stranded DNA result
C. Free-floating nucleotides pair, one by one, with the bases on the template strands. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does DNA being unzipping? |
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Definition
| At the origins of replication. |
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Term
| Why is DNA semiconservative? |
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Definition
| DNA is semiconservative because one new strand is made and the old strand is saved. |
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Term
True or False.
Replication is fast and accurate |
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Definition
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Term
| How may origins of replication are there? One? A few? Ten? Hundreds? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false. When a wrong nucleotide is added to a new strand of DNA, DNA polymerase cannot detect the error. |
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Definition
| False. DNA polymerase is built with a "proofreading" function to correct errors. Errors are extremely rare. |
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Term
| What is the central dogma? |
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Definition
| The central dogma is that information flows in one direction: from the DNA, to the RNA, to the protein. |
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Term
| Put these in order: Transcription, Translation, Replication. |
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Definition
| Replication, Transcription, Translation. |
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Term
| In which type of cell are the processes of replication, transcription, and translation carried out all at the same time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a temporary copy of DNA that is used to transport information and then destroyed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 things is RNA made of? |
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Definition
| Sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base |
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Term
| What are the three significant ways that RNA differs from DNA? |
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Definition
RNA has one additional oxygen atom present in its sugar that is not in DNA's sugar.
RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine
RNA is a single strand whereas DNA is a double strand |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
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Term
| What is transcription catalyzed by? |
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Definition
| RNA polymerases, which are very large enzymes composed of many proteins. |
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Term
Put these steps of transcription in order:
A. RNA polymerase puts together a complementary strand of RNA.
B. RNA polymerase recognizes the start site of a gene and begins to unwind the DNA
C. RNA detaches and DNA reattaches itself. |
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Definition
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