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| Nomination elections in which voters can select candidates from any party |
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| Governments in which smaller parties combine with larger parties to control a majority of seats in a legislature |
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| Nomination elections in which only party members can vote for party candidates |
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| An election in which new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party often is displaced by the minority party |
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| Vehicles through which the public's concerns get translated into political issues on the government's policy agenda. Institutions include political parties, interest groups and the media |
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| A meeting of party delegates every four years at which party platforms are written and presidential candidates are nominated. The national committee plans the convention under the leadership of the national chairperson |
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| Nomination elections in which voters can decide on election day in which party primary they wish to vote |
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| When voters move away from major parties |
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| Long periods of time in which one political party dominated government control. |
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| Party organization that depends on material inducements to reward loyal members. |
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| Process in which parties form new support coalitions. |
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| Government jobs given for political reasons, not merit or competence. |
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| group that seeks to control government by winning elections. |
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| Voters support parties that share their policy positions; parties want to win elections; so, parties select popular policies. |
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| A view of how parties should work: Parties offer clear and specific policy positions, all party candidates are committed to those positions, and all party candidates accept responsibility for success in implementing policies. A common model in parliamentary systems, but U.S. parties don’t maintain enough control over elected officials to make it work in the U.S. |
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| Minor parties that (1) promote specific issues; (2) are splinters of major parties; (3) are centered on popular individuals. |
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| Voting for candidates representing different parties. |
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| Through the U.S. presidential electoral college, the candidate who wins a majority of a state’s votes receives all of that state’s electoral votes. This system makes it hard for third parties to challenge the two major political parties. |
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