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CHAPTER 8 IR
Efforts to avoid conflict.
17
Political Studies
Kindergarten
05/05/2011

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Term
Two-level games
Definition
dual pressure on leaders whereby international agreements can be forged only when they meet the concerns of both domestic and international audiences
Term
Security Dilemma
Definition
The idea that when one state enhances its power for security, this leads to other states to the same, thereby undermining security for all
Term
Reciprocating Strategy
Definition
Flexible bargaining strategy in which one side imitates or duplicates the kind of diplomatic moves made by another actor
Term
Bullying Strategy 
Definition
Bargaining strategy relying heavily on force and threats of force
Term
Compellence
Definition
Forcing another actor to do something they would not do otherwise
Term
Deterence
Definition
Preventing another actor from doing something they would do otherwise
Term
Biological Weapons
Definition
Weapons that contain biological agents such as anthrax or plague bacteria
Term
Chemical Weapons
Definition
Weapons that contain chemical elements, such as chlorine gas and mustard gas
Term
Mutually Assured Destruction
Definition
Strategic Doctrine based on the idea that war between the superpowers was deterred when they both were vulnerable to each others second strike capability
Term
Second-Strike Capability
Definition
The ability of a state to deliver a devastating counter attack after being attacked by nuclear weapons
Term
Arms Race
Definition
Competitive increase in armaments by two states or coalitions of states
Term
Small Arms
Definition
Typically inexpensive light weapons that an individual can carry
Term
Arms Control
Definition
Efforts to limit or ban weapons in states military arsenals
Term
Burden Sharing
Definition
How costs of alliance are distributed among member states
Term
Bandwagoning
Definition
Joining an alliance with superior power to share in the benefits of the alliance
Term
Balancing
Definition
Joining an alliance against states or coalitions whose superior resources could pose a threat
Term
Alliances
Definition
Formal associations in which states pledge to militarily protect each other in specified circumstances
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