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Chapter 8 - Elections
AP Government
29
Political Studies
12th Grade
02/19/2011

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Term
nomination
Definition
the selection of a particular candidate to run for office in a general election as a representative of his or her political party
Term
National Party Convention
Definition
convention held every four years in which the two major parties nominate the presidental and vice presidential candidate
Term
Presidential Primaries
Definition
a ballot vote in which citizens select a party's nominee for the general presidential election
Term
Super-delegates
Definition
Democratic members of Congress and party officials selected by their colleagues to be delegates at the party's presidential nominating convention; they are not committed to a particular candidate
Term
Frontloading
Definition
states move their presidential primaries or caucuses to take place earlier in the nomination process, often in the hopes of exerting more political influence
Term
National primaries
Definition
a proposal to have all the primaries and caucuses occur on the same day
Term
Regional primaries
Definition
a group of states within a region have their own primary on the same day
Term
Party platform
Definition
set of objective outlining the party's issue positions and priorities - although candidates are not required to support their partie's platform
Term
Federal Election Campaighn Act
Definition
law used to increase disclosure of campaign contributions and prohibit monetary contributions from corporations and labor unions
Term
Federal Election Commission
Definition
government agency that enforces and regulates campaign finance laws; made up of six presidential appointees, of whom no more than three can be members of one party
Term
Presidential Election Campaign Fund
Definition
Program through the FEC that allows public citizens to contribute money to presidential campaigns
Term
Matching funds
Definition
small amounts of money come from beneficiaries to use for the common good
Term
Soft Money
Definition
contributions that may be used for voter mobilization or to promote a policy proposal or point of view unless partial to a particular party or candidate
Term
Political Actions Committee
Definition
interest group that raises money for a particular candidate through limited funding
Term
Absentee ballot
Definition
ballot submitted by mail before an election if one is unable to go to the polling place on Election Day
Term
coattails
Definition
the idea that a popular president can generate additional support for candidates affiliated with his party; weak or nonexistent strategy in U.S. politics
Term
delegate
Definition
individuals who attend their party's national convention and vote to select their party's nominee for president; they are usually elected in a series of primaries and caucuses in an election year
Term
selection cycle
Definition
the time interval between elections in which new leaders are selected
Term
Electoral College
Definition
body that votes to select America's president and vice president based on the popular vote in each state; each candidate nominates a group of electors selected to attend the meeting of their college if their candidate wins the most votes in their area
Term
Electoral vote
Definition
votes cast by members of the electoral college; after a presidential candidate wins the popular vote, that candidate's group opf electors will cast electoral votes in their state for the candidate
Term
hard money
Definition
donations used to help elect or defeat a certain candidate
Term
incumbent
Definition
politician running for reelection in the office they currently hold
Term
open primary
Definition
primary election in which any registered voter can participate in the contest
Term
closed primary
Definition
primary election in which only registered members of a specific party can vote
Term
plurality voting
Definition
voting system in which the candidate who receives the most votes in a geographic location wins an election
Term
popular vote
Definition
votes cast by citizens in an election
Term
push polling
Definition
type of survey in which the questions are presented in a biased way to influence a certain response
Term
soft money
Definition
contributions that can be used to support a policy proposal or influence voter mobilization
Term
turnout
Definition
percent of registered voters who cast their ballots in a given election
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