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Chapter 8 & 9 Vocabulary
history terms
29
History
8th Grade
12/01/2008

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Term
political machines
Definition
political organizations that used legal and illegal methods to insure a certain candidate won
Term
political bosses
Definition
provided patronage or government contract jobs to the poor; provided favors and stuff like that in order to get a vote
Term
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Definition
act that established merit system for awarding federal jobs; exams to prove abilities for potential jobs
Term
progressives
Definition
people who wanted to reform government, expand democracy, promote social welfare, and believed in economic reform
Term
muckrakers
Definition
journalists who wrote articles to cause public awareness of problems and needs to reform
Term
recall
Definition
a reform that allowed people to vote an official out of office
Term
initiative
Definition
a reform that allowed voters to propose a law directly
Term
referendum
Definition
a reform where a proposed law was submitted to the vote of the people
Term
direct primary
Definition
voters, rather than party conventions choose candidates to run for office
Term
women's suffrage
Definition
women fighting for the right to vote
Term
Grange
Definition
an organization to fight the loneliness of farm life and improve methods of farming
Term
civil service
Definition
includes all jobs in which people are appointed rather than elected
Term
square deal
Definition
Teddy Roosevelt's plan to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and business
Term
Sherman Antitrust Act
Definition
corporations could not gain control of industries by forming trusts; Teddy Roosevelt enforced this law
Term
The Spoil System
Definition
patronage system; informal practice where a political party gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for their vote
Term
17th Amendment
Definition
allowed Americans to vote directly for US Senators
Term
conservation
Definition
The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation; A wise use of natural resources
Term
NAACP
Definition
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded by WEB DuBois and others in 1909; to pursue goals of economic, educational, and social equality for African Americans
Term
temperence
Definition
The temperance movement attempted to greatly reduce the amount of alcohol consumed or even prohibit its production and consumption
Term
socialism
Definition
An economic system in which the basic means of production are primarily owned and controlled collectively, usually by government
Term
Bull Moose Party
Definition
Progressive Party founded by Teddy Roosevelt
Term
New Freedom
Definition
Woodrow Wilson’s campaign platform, which emphasized states’ rights and free enterprise as the cornerstones of individual freedom.
Term
Federal Reserve Act
Definition
During Woodrow Wilson's first term; Regulated banking to help small banks stay in business
Term
19th Amendment
Definition
Term
19th Amendment
Definition
Women get the right to vote (1920)
Term
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Definition
New York City on March 25, 1911, The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards; 146 garment workers perished in the fire
Term
18th Amendment
Definition
The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcoholic beverages; repealed by the 20th Amendment
Term
Keating Owens Act
Definition
act that said child labor was evil and should end; supporte by Woodrow Wilson
Term
Election of 1912
Definition
The 1912 election where the Bull Moose Party, led by Theodore Roosevelt, tried to gain the White House, only to split the Republican party and give Wilson the presidency.
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