Term
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Definition
All of the following are associated with nucleic acid structure EXCEPT:
uracil.
ionic bonds.
ribose.
phosphate. |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is found at the 3' end of a DNA strand?
a phosphate group
a hydrogen bond
a hydroxyl group
a methyl group
histones |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following types of plasmids carry genes that protect bacteria from various antimicrobial drugs?
cryptic plasmids
virulence factors
bacteriocin factors
fertility factors
resistance factors |
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Term
|
Definition
All of the following are associated with the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes EXCEPT:
euchromatin.
nucleosomes.
Okazaki fragments.
heterochromatin.
histones. |
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Term
| They carry genes that are required for growth and repair. |
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Definition
All of the following are true statements concenrning plasmids EXCEPT:
They can be found in bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
They carry genes that are required for growth and repair.
They can carry genes that confer resistance against antibiotics.
They are small circular molecules of DNA.
They can replicate autonomously. |
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Term
| seals gaps between DNA fragments. |
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Definition
DNA ligase:
seals gaps between DNA fragments.
assists in recognition of promoters during transcription.
breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides.
proofreads DNA molecules.
synthesizes short DNA molecules important for the function of DNA polymerase. |
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Term
| The same RNA polymerase transcribes primer RNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. |
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Definition
All of the following statements concerning transcription in bacteria are true EXCEPT:
A variety of sigma factors affect transcription.
Sigma factors are parts of RNA polymerase that recognize promoter regions.
It occurs in the nucleoid region.
Termination is either self-induced or due to the presence of Rho protein.
The same RNA polymerase transcribes primer RNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is involved in translation?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct. |
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Term
direction of polymerization
(please check this answer) |
|
Definition
RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase differ from each other in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
efficiency of proofreading.
direction of polymerization.
dependence on helicase.
speed.
type of nucleotides used. |
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Term
|
Definition
Because a codon is a particular combination of three nucleotides, there are __________ possible combinations of the nucleotides A, C, G, and T.
12
64
4
16
32 |
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Term
|
Definition
In addition to coding for the amino acid methionine, what function does the codon AUG serve?
start signal
causes "wobble"
marker for introns
termination signal
recognition site for RNA polymerase |
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Term
|
Definition
During translation, an mRNA codon will pass through which of the following sequences of tRNA binding sites on the ribosome?
E site, P site, A site
A site, P site, E site
P site, E site, A site
P site, A site, E site
A site, E site, P site |
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Term
| each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand. |
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Definition
Semiconservative DNA replication means that
each strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule is replicated differently.
nucleotides are constantly being recycled as cells make DNA.
the cell can proofread its newly synthesized DNA part of the time.
the sequence of a DNA molecule is preserved as it is being replicated.
each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand. |
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Term
| they are longer in eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
All of the following are characteristics of Okazaki fragments EXCEPT:
they make up the lagging strand of replicated DNA.
they are checked for accuracy by DNA polymerase III.
they are joined together by DNA ligase.
they begin with an RNA primer.
they are longer in eukaryotic cells. |
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Term
1 in 100,000
(please check this answer regarding actual errors that were corrected vs errors that get through) |
|
Definition
Because of proofreading, what is the error rate associated with DNA replication?
1 error in 1 million bases
1 error in 1,000 bases
1 error in 100,000 bases
1 error in 10 million bases
1 error in 1 billion bases |
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Term
| Both A and B are correct. |
|
Definition
Which of the following processes is involved in the "central dogma" of genetics?
transcription
translation
DNA replication
Both A and B are correct.
A, B, and C are correct. |
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Term
| they are often involved in anabolic pathways. |
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Definition
All of the following are characteristics of inducible operons EXCEPT:
they are active in the presence of an inducer.
they involve a repressor.
they are often involved in anabolic pathways.
they are a way for bacterial cells to conserve energy.
they are normally inactive. |
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Term
| Both A and C are correct. |
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Definition
Which of the following are considered frameshift mutations?
deletions
inversions
insertions
Both A and B are correct.
Both A and C are correct. |
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Term
|
Definition
If the codon AAA is changed to UAA, it no longer codes for an amino acid; instead, it becomes a stop codon that signals translation termination in a protein. This is an example of a
missense mutation.
gross mutation.
silent mutation.
frameshift mutation.
nonsense mutation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Nitrous acid causes which of the following types of mutations in a cell?
frameshifts
pyrimidine dimers
base-pair substitutions
base-pair deletions
chromosome breaks |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is classified as a frameshift mutagen?
ethidium bromide
acridine
benzopyrene
Both A and B are correct.
A, B, and C are correct. |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is a DNA repair enzyme activated by visible light?
DNA ligase
DNA photolyase
primase
transposase
bacteriocin |
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Term
|
Definition
The Ames test proves that a chemical is
carcinogenic.
mutagenic in Salmonella.
carcinogenic in humans.
mutagenic in humans.
carcinogenic in Salmonella. |
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Term
| Both A and B are correct. |
|
Definition
Horizontal gene transfer
involves the transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell.
typically is a rare event.
occurs only between cells of the same species.
Both A and B are correct.
A, B, and C are correct. |
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Term
| cells take up DNA from their environment. |
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Definition
In the process of transformation,
DNA is transferred from one cell to another by a virus.
cells take up DNA from their environment.
DNA “jumps” from one location in the genome to another.
DNA is transferred between cells via a pilus.
cells lose part of their DNA and enter a dormant state. |
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Term
|
Definition
In conjugation, F cells
can transfer DNA only to other F cells.
do not have conjugation pili.
contain "jumping genes."
serve as recipient cells.
contain an F plasmid. |
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Term
|
Definition
Another term for the palindromic sequence found at the ends of transposons is a(n)
inverted repeat.
complex transposon.
transposase.
insertion sequence.
bacteriophage. |
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Term
| triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides. |
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Definition
The energy required for DNA replication comes from:
RNA primer.
triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides.
DNA ligase.
DNA polymerase.
the leading strand. |
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Term
| It binds to and inactivates a target nucleic acid sequence. |
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Definition
How does short interference RNA (siRNA) work?
It binds to and inactivates a target nucleic acid sequence.
It binds to a repressor protein, which in turn inactivates a gene.
It converts heterochromatin to euchromatin.
It binds to ribosomes and prevents tRNA molecules from attaching.
It creates frameshift mutations that produce nonfunctional versions of proteins. |
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