Term
| The theory holding that all living things are related and that they descended with modification from organisms that lived during the past: |
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Definition
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Term
| The use of fossils to study life history and relationships among organisms: |
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Definition
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Term
| Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck's mechanism for evolution; holds that characteristics acquired during an individuals lifetime can be inherited by descendants: |
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Definition
| Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics |
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Term
| The practice of selectively breeding plants and animals with desirable traits: |
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Definition
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Term
| A mechanism accounting for differential survival and reproduction among members of a species; the mechanism proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace to account for evolution: |
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Definition
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Term
| A specific segment of a chromosome constituting the basic unit of heredity: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A variant form of a single gene: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The chemical substance of which chromosomes are composed: |
|
Definition
| Deoxyribononucleic acid (DNA) |
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|
Term
| Complex, double-stranded, helical molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); specific segments of chromosome are genes: |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell division yielding sex cells (sperm and eggs in animals, and pollen and ovules in plants), in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cell division resulting in two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell; takes place in all cells except sex cells: |
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Definition
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Term
| A combination of ideas of various scientists yielding a view of evolution that includes the chromosome theory of inheritance, mutations as a source of variation, and gradualism; it also rejects inheritance of acquired characteristics: |
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Definition
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Term
| Any change in the genes of organisms; yields some of the variation on which natural selection acts: |
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Definition
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Term
| A population of similar individuals that in nature can interbreed and produce fertile offspring: |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolutionary changes within a species: |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolutionary changes that account for the origin of new species, genera, orders, and so on: |
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Definition
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Term
| Model for the origin of a new species from a small population that became isolated from its parent population: |
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Definition
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Term
| The concept that a species evolves gradually and continuously as it gives rise to new species: |
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Definition
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Term
| A concept holding that new species evolve rapidly, in perhaps a few thousand years, then remain much the same during their several million years of existence: |
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Definition
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Term
| The diversification of a species into two or more descendant species: |
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Definition
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Term
| The origin of similar features in distantly related organisms distantly related organisms as they adapt in comparable ways, such as ichthyosaurs and porpoises: |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolution of similar features in two separate but closely related lines of descent as a result of comparable adaptions: |
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Definition
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Term
| The concept that not all parts of an organism evolve at the same rate, thus accounting for organisms with features retained from the ancestral condition as well as more recently evolved features: |
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Definition
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Term
| An existing organism that has descended from ancient ancestors with little apparent change: |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of analysis of organisms in which they are grouped together on the basis of derived versus primitive characteristics: |
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Definition
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Term
| A diagram showing the relationships among members of a clade, including their most recent common ancestor: |
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Definition
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Term
| Greatly accelerated extinction rates resulting in marked decrease in biodiversity, such as the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous: |
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Definition
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Term
| Body part in different organisms that has a similar structure, similar relationships to other organs, and similar development, but does not necessarily serve the same function, such as forelimbs in whales, bats and dogs: |
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Definition
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Term
| Body parts, such as wings of insects and birds, that serve the same function but differ in structure and development: |
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Definition
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Term
| Any structure in an organism that no longer serves any function or serves only a limited or different function; examples are dewclaws in dogs, wisdom teeth in humans and middle ear bones in mammals: |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of geographic distribution of organisms and communities of organisms: |
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Definition
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Term
A good example of analogous structures are:
A) eyes of dogs and cats
B) wings of insects
c) legs of horses or deer
d) scales of reptiles and amphibians
e)flippers of whales and porpoises |
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Definition
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|
Term
The work of ( ) is the basis for genetics.
A) Alfred Wallace
B) Charles Lyell
C) William Smith
D) Gregor Mendel
E) Trofim Lysenko |
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Definition
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|
Term
The type of cell division that accounts for the origin of sperm and eggs is called:
A) Meiosis
B) Panspermia
C) Divergence
D) Vestigial Splitting
E) Cladistics |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which one of the following is involved in natural selection?
A) Growth
B) Reproduction
C) Metamorphisis
D) Mosaic Evolution
E) Convergence |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Large-scale evolution resulting in the origin of new species and genera is called:
A) Phyletic gradualism
B) Wallace's Law
C) Bionomial nomenclature
D) Modern synthesis
E) Macroevolution |
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Definition
|
|
Term
A structure possessed by an animal that no longer serves any function, has a reduced function, or serves a completely different function than it did in the ancestral condition is called a(n):
A) Superfluous organ
B) Extra appendage
C) Vestigial structure
D) Chromosomal aberration
E) Living Fossil |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The study of life history as revealed by fossils is:
A) Paleontology
B) Herpetology
C) Physiology
D) Archaeology
E) Mineralogy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Genes for the same trait come in alternate forms that are called:
A) Homologous features
B) Species
C) Mosaic chromosomes
D) Alleles
E) Microfibers |
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Definition
|
|
Term
According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium:
A) Organisms pass on characteristics acquired during their lifetimes
B) Evolution always occurs slowly but continuously
C) Natural selection favors the largest and strongest for survival
D) Animals of different species interbreed but their offspring are infertile
E) Species remain unchanged during most of their existence, then evolve "rapidly" |
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Definition
| E) Species remain unchanged during most of their existence, then evolve rapidly |
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|
Term
The fact that several marsupial mammals in Australia resemble and live much like placental mammals elsewhere is a good example of:
A) Microevolution
B) Convergent evolution
C) Binomial Classification
D) Punctuated evolution
E) Phyletic gradualism |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Outgassing is the process whereby ( ) formed.
A) Greenstone belts
B) The Atmosphere
C) Monomers and Polymers
D) Continental crust
E) Stromatolites |
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Definition
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|
Term
An area in North America consisting of the Canadian shield and its adjacent platform is a:
A) Syncline
B) Prokaryote
C) Basin
D) Terrane
E) Craton |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Any organism that depends on preformed organic molecules for its nutrients is:
A) Polymeric
B) Abiogenic
C) Heterotropic
D) Prokaryotic
E) Photochemical |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Granite-gneiss complexes are:
A) The most common Archean-age rocks
B) found at oceanic spreading ridges
C) noted for their fossil plants and animals
D) green because they contain minerals chlorite, epidote, and actinolite
E) most likely turbidity current deposits |
|
Definition
| A) the most common Archean-age rocks |
|
|
Term
Many scientists think that the first self-replicating system was a(n):
A) RNA molecule
B) ATP cell
C) thermal protein
D) Stromatolite
E) Black smoker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which one of the following geologic time designations from oldest to youngest is correct?
A) Proterozoic-Archean-Hadean
B) Archean-Hadean-Proterozoic
C) Hadean-Archean-Proterozoic
D) Phanerozoic-Precambrian-Komatiitic
E) Archean-Proterozoic-Hadean |
|
Definition
| C) Hadean-Archean-Proterozoic |
|
|
Term
The origin of life from nonliving matter is known as:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Abiogenesis
C) Polymerization
D) Biotic accretion
E) Outgassing |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Black smokers are:
A) the sites where greenstone belts formed
B) complexes of igneous and sedimentary rocks
C) hydrothermal vents on the seafloor
D) Found only in Archean-age rocks
E) Heterotropic prokaryotes |
|
Definition
| C) hyrdrothermal vents on the seafloor |
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|
Term
One process that led to free oxygen in the atmosphere was:
A) Stromatolitic conversion
B) Cratonization
C) Back-arc basin deposition
D) Probiogenesis
E) Photochemical dissociation |
|
Definition
| E) Photochemical dissociation |
|
|
Term
All known Archean organisms belong to the kingdom:
A) Eukaryota
B) Fungi
C) Protozoa
D) Bacteria and archea
E) Protoctista |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The presence of Proterozoic-age continental red beds indicates that:
A) Prokaryotic cells had evolved
B) The Atmosphere contained some free oxygen
C) Ultramafic lava flows no longer formed
D) Greenstone belts formed in back-arc basins
E) Passive continental margins were common |
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Definition
| B) The Atmosphere contained some free oxygen |
|
|
Term
Laurentia was a Proterozoic landmass made up mostly of:
A) Baltica and Asia
B) South America and Pannotia
C) Rodinia and Romania
D) North America and Greenland
E) Africa and Eurasia |
|
Definition
| D) North America and Greenland |
|
|
Term
Cells with membrane-bounded nucleus and internal structures called organelles are ( ) cells:
A) Komatiitic
B) Endosymbiotic
C) Eukaryotic
D) Aphanitic
E) Stromatolitic |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The final orogenic event to affect Laurentia during the Proterozoic was the ( ) orogeny:
A) Trans-Hudson
B) Wilson
C) Penokean
D) Wopmay
E) Grenville |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The oldest known animal fossils are found in the ( ) fauna of Australia:
A) Alberta
B) Ediacaran
C) Grenvillian
D) Wilsonian
E) Sudbury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The widely accepted theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells holds that these cells formed by:
A) Endosybiosis
B) Parthenogenesis
C) Binary fission
D) Autotrophism
E) Heterotrophism |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Mats and columnar masses of rock resulting from the activities of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are:
A) Orogens
B) Stromatolites
C) Symbionts
D) Trilobites
E) Prokaryotes |
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Definition
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|
Term
The middle part of the Midcontinent Rift is filled with:
A) Layers of limestone
B) Overlapping basalt lava flows
C) Greenstones and granite-gneiss complexes
D) Ophiolites
E) Banded iron formations |
|
Definition
| B) Overlapping basalt lava flows |
|
|
Term
Banded iron formations (BIF) are made up of thin, iron-rich layers alternating with layers of:
A) Limestone
B) Chert
C) Gneiss
D) Greenstone
E) Basalt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The oldest supercontinent that is known with some certainty is:
A) Amazonia
B) Laurentia
C) Scandinavia
D) Rodinia
E) Ediacara |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A long, narrow region of tectonic activity along the eastern margin of the North American craton extending from Newfoundland to Georgia; probably continuous to the southwest with the Ouachita mobile belt: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| One of 6 major Paelozoic continents; composed of Russia west of the Ural Mountains, Scandinavia, Poland and northern Germany: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of six major Paleozoic continents; composed of all of Southeast Asia, including China, Indochina, part of Thailand and the Malay Peninsula: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| An extensive accumulation of mostly detrital sedimentary rocks eroded from, and deposited adjacent to, an area of uplift, as in the Catskill Delta or Queenston Delta: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| An area of extensive deformation in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean and the Great Plains; it extends north-south from Alaska into Central Mexico: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Name applied to a stable nucleus of a continent, consisting of a Precambrian shield and a platform of buried ancient rocks: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A widespread association of sedimentary rocks bounded above and below by unconformities that were deposited during a transgressive-regressive cycle of an epeiric sea; for example, the Sauk Sequence: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A broad shallow sea that covers part of a continent; six ( ) were present in North America during the Phanerozoic Eon, such as the Sauk Sea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the six major Paleozoic continents; composed of South America, Africa, Australia, India and parts of Southern Europe, Arabia and Florida: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Paleozoic ocean between North America and Europe; it eventually closed as North America and Europe moved toward one another and collided during the Late Paleozoic: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of six major Paleozoic continents; a triangular-shaped continent centered on Kazakhstan: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A proterozoic continent composed mostly of North America and Greenland, parts of Scotland, and perhaps parts of the Baltic shield of Scandinavia: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Elongated area of deformation generally at the margins of a craton, such as the Appalachian mobile belt: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A wave-resistant limestone structure with a framework of animal skeletons, such as a coral reef or stromatoporoid reef: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An area of deformation along the southern margin of the North American craton; probably continuous to the Northeast with the Appalachian mobile belt: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A clastic wedge resulting from deposition of sediment eroded from the highland formed during the Taconic orogeny: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A widespread association of sedimentary rocks bounded above and below by unconformities, deposited during a Neoproterozoic to Early Ordovician transgressive-regressive cycle of the Sauk Sea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The study of rock relationships within a time-stratigraphic framework of related facies bounded by widespread unconformities: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of six major Paleozoic continents; composed of Russia east of the Ural Mountains and Asia north of Kazakhstan and south of Mongolia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An Ordovician episode of mountain building resulting in deformation of the Appalachian mobile belt: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A widespread body of sedimentary rocks bounded above and below by unconformities; deposited during an Ordovician to early Devonian transgressive-regressive cycle of the Tippecanoe Sea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Area extending from Minnesota to New Mexico that stood above sea level as several large islands during the Cambrian transgression of the Sauk Sea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Taconic orogeny resulted from what type of plate boundary activity?
A) Continental-continental convergent
B) Transform
C) Oceanic-oceanic convergent
D) Divergent
E) Oceanic-continental convergent |
|
Definition
| E) Oceanic-continental convergent |
|
|
Term
The relatively stable and immobile parts of continents, which form the foundation on which Phanerozoic sediments were deposited, make up the:
A) Shield
B) Platform
C) Mobile belt
D) Craton
E) None of these |
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Definition
|
|
Term
A major transgressive-regressive cycle bounded by craton-wide unconformities is a(n):
A) Biostratigraphic unit
B) Cratonic sequence
C) Orogeny
D) Shallow sea
E) Cycolthem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Evaporites and reef carbonates were the predominant cratonic rocks during which sequence?
A) Kaskaskia
B) Zuni
C) Sauk
D) Absaroka
E) Tippecanoe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which was the first major transgressive sequence onto the North American craton?
A) Absakora
B) Sauk
C) Zuni
D) Kaskaskia
E) Tippecanoe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ocean separating Laurentia from Baltica is called the:
A) Panthalassa
B) Tethys
C) Iapetus
D) Atlantis
E) Perunica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An elongated area marking the site of mountain building is a:
A) Cyclothem
B) Mobile belt
C) Platform
D) Shield
E) Craton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which mobile belt is located along the Western side of North America?
A) Franklin
B) Cordilleran
C) Ouachita
D) Appalachian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Besides the Canadian Shield, the only area above sea level during deposition of the Sauk Sequence was the:
A) cratonic margin
B) Transcontinental Arch
C) Queenston Delta
D) Appalachian mobile belt
E) Taconic Highlands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The eastern margin of Laurentia change from a passive plate margin to an active plate margin during which sequence?
A) Zuni
B) Tippecanoe
C) Sauk
D) Kaskaskia
E) Absaroka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following was an Early Paleozoic microcontinent?
A) Avalonia
B) Baltica
C) China
D) Laurentia
E) Gondwana |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Queenstone Delta clastic wedge resulted from the erosion of which highlands?
A) Caledonian
B) Acadian
C) Sevier
D) Taconic
E) Transcontinental Arch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How many major continents were there at the beginning of the Cambrian?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A widespread succession of Pennsylvanian and Permian sedimentary rocks bounded above and below by unconformities; deposited during a transgressive-regressive cycle of the Absakora Sea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Devonian episode of mountain building in the northern Appalachian mobile belt resulting from a collision of Baltica with Laurentia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Late Paleozoic uplift in the southwestern part of the North American craton: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Late Devonian to Mississippian episode of mountain building that affected the Cordilleran mobile belt from Nevada to Alberta, Canada: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Silurian-Devonian episode of mountain building that took place along the northwestern margin of Baltica, resulting from the collision of Baltica with Laurentia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Devonian clastic wedge deposited adjacent to the highlands that formed during the Acadian orogeny: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sequence of cyclically repeated sedimentary rocks resulting from alternating periods of marine and nonmarine deposition; commonly contains a coal bed: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pennsylvanian to Permian deformation in the Hercynian mobile belt of Europe, and the Appalachian and Ouachita mobile belts of North America: |
|
Definition
| Hercynian (Variscan)-Alleghenian orogeny |
|
|
Term
| A widespread association of Devonian and Mississippian sedimentary rocks bounded above and below by unconformities; deposited during a transgressive-regressive cycle of the Kaskaskia Sea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Late Paleozoic, Northern Hemisphere continent made up of North America, Greenland, Europe and Asia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Devonian-age clastic wedge that grew eastward from the Caledonian highlands onto the Baltica craton: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A period of mountain building that took place in the Ouachita mobile belt during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A late Paleozoic ocean that surrounded Pangaea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The European Old Red Sandstone is the equivalent of the North American:
A) Queenstone Delta
B) Capitan Limestone
C) Phosphoria Formation
D) Oriskany Sandstone
E) Catskill Delta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The enormous ocean surrounding Pangaea and spanning Earth from pole to pole at the end of the Permian is called:
A) Panthalassa
B) Tethys
C) Iapetus
D) Atlantis
E) Avalonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which was the first Paleozoic orogeny to occur in the Cordilleran mobile belt?
A) Acadian
B) Alleghenian
C) Antler
D) Caledonian
E) Ellesmere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following resulted from intracratonic deformation?
A) Antler Highlands
B) Ancestral Rockies
C) Acadian Highlands
D) Caledonian Highlands
E) Taconic Highlands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which mobile belt was located along southern Europe, and marked the zone in which Europe(as part of Laurasia) collided with Gondwana during the Late Paleozoic?
A) Cordilleran
B) Ouachita
C) Appalachian
D) Hercynian
E) Alleghenian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The economically valuable deposit in a cyclothem is:
A) gravel
B) Metallic ore
C) Coal
D) Carbonates
E) Evaporites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During which period did extensive continental glaciation of the Gondwana continent occur?
A) Cambrian
B) Silurian
C) Devonian
D) Carboniferous
E) Permian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Late Devonian-Early Mississippian is known for what type of widespread deposits?
A) Carbonates
B) Black shales
C) Evaporites
D) Volcanics
E) Coals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Catskill Delta clastic wedge resulted from weathering and erosion of the ( ) highlands.
A) Taconic
B) Nevadan
C) Transcontinental Arch
D) Acadian
E) Sevier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which orogeny was not involved in the closing of the Iapetus Ocean?
A) Alleghenian
B) Acadian
C) Taconic
D) Caledonian
E) Antler |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All bottom-dwelling marine organisms that live on the seafloor or within seafloor sediments: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any animal that eats other animals, living or dead, as a source of nutrients: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An animal dependent on vegetation as a source of nutrients: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Actively swimming organisms such as fish, whales and squid: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animals and plants that float passively, such as phytoplankton and zooplankton: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organism in a food chain, such as bacteria and green plants, that manufacture their own organic molecules and on which all other members of the food chain depend for sustenance: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animal that ingests sediment and extracts nutrients from it: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animal that consumes microscopic plants and animals or dissolved nutrients from water: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The age of the Burgess Shale is:
A) Cambrian
B) Ordovician
C) Silurian
D) Devonian
E) Mississippian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which group of benthonic, mobile, sediment-deposit feeders made up approximately half of the total invertebrate marine fauna during the Cambrian?
A) Graptolites
B) Brachiopods
C) Tribolites
D) Cephalopods
E) Fusulinids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Organisms living on or in the seafloor are:
A) Pelagic
B) Epifaunal
C) Infaunal
D) Planktic
E) Benthonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ( ) and ( ) were times of major reef building.
A) Cambrian, Ordovician
B) Ordovician, Silurian
C) Silurian, Devonian
D) Devonian, Mississippian
E) Mississippian, Pennsylvanian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Organisms that manufacture their own food are:
A) Autotrophs
B) Herbivores
C) Benthos
D) Epifaunal
E) None of these |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Burgess Shale fauna is significant because it contains the:
A) first shelled animals
B) carbonized impressions of many extinct soft-bodied animals
C) Fossils of rare marine plants
D) earliest known benthonic community
E) conodont animal |
|
Definition
| B) Carbonized impressions of many extinct soft-bodied animals |
|
|
Term
An exoskeleton is advantageous because it:
A) Prevents drying out in an intertidal environment
B) provides protection against ultraviolet radiation
C) Provides protection against predators
D) Provides attachment sites for development of strong muscles
E) All the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of invertebrates dominated the Ordovician invertebrate community?
A) Epiforal, planktonic, primary producers
B) Infaunal, nektonic carnivores
C) Infaunal, benthonic, sessile, suspension feeders
D) Epifaunal, benthonic, mobile, suspension feeders
E) Epifaunal, benthonic, sessile, suspension feeders |
|
Definition
| E) Epifaunal, benthonic, sessile, suspension feeders |
|
|
Term
Mass extinctions occurred at, or near the end, of which three periods?
A) Cambrian, Ordovician, Permian
B) Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian
C) Ordovician, Devonian, Permian
D) Silurian, Devonian, Permian
E) Cambrian, Devonian, Permian |
|
Definition
| C) Ordovician, Devonian, Permian |
|
|
Term
Which group was the major phytoplankton group during the Paleozoic Era, and thus the primary food source of the suspension feeders?
A) Dinoflagellats
B) Coccolithophorids
C) Graptolites
D) Diatoms
E) Acritarchs |
|
Definition
|
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Term
The earliest reeflike structures were constructed by:
A) Bryozoans
B) Mollusks
C) Archaeocyathids
D) Sponges
E) Corals |
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The greatest recorded mass extinction in Earth History took place at the end of which period?
A) Cambrian
B) Ordovician
C) Devonian
D) Permian
E) Cretaceous |
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Term
| An egg in which an embryo develops in a liquid-filled cavity (the amnion); a waste sac is present as well as a yolk sac for nourishment: |
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| Members of the class Osteichthyes that evolved during the Devonian; characterized by a bony internal skeleton; includes the ray-finned fishes and the lobe-finned fishes: |
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Definition
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Term
| Fish, such as sharks and their living and extinct relatives, that have an internal skeleton of cartilage: |
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Definition
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Term
| Any member of the phylum Chordata, all of which have a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal pouches at some time during their life cycle: |
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| A specific type of lobe-finned fish that had lungs: |
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Definition
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Term
| A flowerless, seed-bearing plant: |
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Definition
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Term
| Any of the Devonian to Triassic amphibians characterized by complex folding in the enamel of the teeth: |
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Definition
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Term
| Fish with limbs containing a fleshy shaft and a series of articulating bones; one of the two main groups of bony fish: |
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Definition
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Term
| The "bony-skinned" fish, characterized by bony armor but no jaws or teeth; appeared during the Late Cambrian, making them the oldest known verterbrates: |
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Definition
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Term
| Pennsylvanian to Permian reptile that possessed some mammal characteristics; many species had large fins on their back: |
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Definition
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Term
| Late Silurian through Permian "plate-skinned" fish with jaws and bony armor, especially in the head-shoulder region: |
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Definition
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Term
| A loosely grouped category of small, lizardlike reptiles: |
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Definition
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Term
| Plant with specialized tissues for transporting fluids and nutrients and that reproduces by spores rather than seeds, such as ferns and horsetail rushes: |
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Definition
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Term
| Permian to Triassic mammal-like reptiles; the ancestors of mammals are among one group of therapsids known as cynodonts: |
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Definition
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| A plant with specialized tissues for transporting fluids: |
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Definition
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Term
| Any animal possessing a segmented vertebral column, as in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals; members of the supphylum Vertebrata: |
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Definition
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Which of the following groups did amphibians evolve from?
A) Coelacanths
B) Ray-finned fish
C) Lobe-finned fish
D) Pelycosaurs
E) Therapsids |
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Definition
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Term
An organism must possess which of the following during at least part of its cycle to be classified a chordate?
A) Notochord, dorsal solid nerve cord, lungs
B) Vertebrae, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal
C) Vertebrae, dorsal hollow nerve cord, lungs
D) Notochord, ventral solid nerve cord, lungs
E) Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits |
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Definition
| E) Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits |
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Term
Which plant group first successfully invaded land?
A) Seedless vascular
B) Gymnosperms
C) Naked seed bearing
D) Angiosperms
E) Flowering |
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Definition
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Term
Labyrinthodonts are:
A) Plants
B) Fish
C) Amphibians
D) Reptiles |
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Definition
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Term
Which reptile group gave rise to the mammals?
A) Labyrinthodonts
B) Acanthodians
C) Pelycosaurs
D) Protothyrids
E) Therapsids |
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Definition
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Which evolutionary innovation allowed reptiles to colonize all of the land?
A) Tear ducts
B) Additional bones in the jaw
C) The middle-ear bones
D) An egg that contained a food and waste sac and surrounded the embryo in a fluid filled sac
E) Limbs and a backbone capable of supporting the animals on land |
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Definition
| D) An egg that contained a food and waste sac and surrounded the embryo in a fluid filled sac |
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Term
The first jawed fish belonged to which group?
A) Cartilaginous
B) Placoderms
C) Acanthodians
D) Ostracoderms
E) Bony |
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Definition
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Based on similarity of embryo cell division, which invertebrate phylum is most closely allied with the chordates?
A) Mollusca
B) Echinodermata
C) Porifera
D) Annelida
E) Arthropoda |
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Definition
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Term
Pelycosaurs are:
A) Jawless fish
B( jawed armored fish
C) Reptiles
D) Amphibians
E) Plants |
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Definition
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The discovery of Tiktaalik roseae is significant because it is:
A) the ancestor of modern reptiles
B) an intermediate between lobe-finned fish and amphibians
C) the first vascular land plant
D) the "missing link" between amphibians and reptiles
E) the oldest known fish |
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Definition
| B) an intermediate between lobe-finned fish and amphibians |
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Term
Which algal group was the probable ancestor to vascular plants?
A) Yellow
B) Blue-green
C) Red
D) Brown
E) Green |
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Definition
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Term
The oldest and most primitive of the fish are:
A) Acanthodians
B) Cartilaginous
C) Placoderms
D) Ostracoderms
E) Bony |
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