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Chapter 8/9- drug therapy in pregnant/pediatric patients
pharmacology-urban
16
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
01/23/2016

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Cards

Term
What type of drugs will cross the placental barrier more easily?
Definition
lipid-soluble, nonionized
Term
Which pregnancy categories should be avoided while pregnant?
Definition
C, D, X
Term
What is a teratogen?
Definition
agent that interferes with growth or development of the embryo or fetus and produces a permanent abnormality or death
Term
In what period of fetal development are structural deformities most likely?
Definition
embryonic period
Term
What type of detriment will a teratogen produce during the fetal period?
Definition
slowed growth or impaired organ function
Term
How to drugs primarily enter breast milk?
Definition
passive diffusion
Term
What drug class should always be avoided while breast feeding?
Definition
cytotoxic agents/ immunosuppressants
Term
What act gave financial incentives for pharmaceutical companies to conduct pediatric research?
Definition
Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (1997)
Term
What two factors can affect oral absorption of drugs in children?
Definition
increased gastric pH and delayed gastric emptying
Term
Why are IM injections avoided in pediatric patients?
Definition
unpredictable absorption rates and pain
Term
What's the issue with administering water-soluble drugs in pediatric patients?
Definition
The proportion of water to fat is higher, which lowers the serum drug levels
Term
What can children develop if they're given benzyl alcohol?
Definition
gasping syndrome
Term
What is the preferred site for injections in infants?
Definition
vastus lateralis
Term
What two methods are used for calculating pediatric dosages and which one is considered more reliable?
Definition
body weight method, body surface area (BSA) method ---BSA
Term
What are the most frequent classes of drugs involving emergency department visits?
Definition
hypoglycemics, and beta blockers
Term
When is directly observed therapy (DOT) especially useful?
Definition
When a child is receiving long-term drug therapy
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