Term
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Definition
o Longer than wide
o Shaft with heads on both ends
o Mostly compact bone
o Limbs: femur, humerus |
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Term
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Definition
o Cube or box shape
o Mostly spongy bone
o As broad as they are long
o Carpals and tarsals |
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Term
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Definition
o Thin, flattened
o curved surfaces
o thin layers of compact bone around spongy bone
o sternum, ribs, skull |
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Term
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Definition
o Irregular shape, doesn’t fit in other classes
o Vertebrae, facial bones
o Appears singly and not in groups, imbedded n tendons close to joints (sesamoid), Patella |
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Term
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Definition
| o Shaft, thick, compact bone surrounding, hollow, cylindrical shape, provides strong support without cumbersome weight |
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Term
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Definition
| o Ends of bones, composed of spongy (cancellous) bone, red marrow (specialized soft connective tissue fills space with spongy bone), epiphyseal plate: region between epiphyses and diaphysis, filled with cartilage during growth, the region between epiphyses and diaphysis is mataphysis, the bulbous shape provides for muscle attachments and also gives stability to joints |
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Term
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Definition
| o Thin layer of hyaline cartilage, covers articular/joint surface of epiphyses, decreases friction at joint surfaces and cushions jolts and blows |
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Term
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Definition
| o Dense, white, fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces, sharpey’s fibers (secures periosteum to underlying bone), contains bone forming and destroying cells, and blood vessels (supplies bone with nutrients), essential for bone cell survival and for bone formation |
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Term
| medullary cavity (marrow) |
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Definition
| o Tubelike hollow spaces in diaphyses, adults’ are filled with connective tissue rich in fat=yellow marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| o Thin epithelial membrane that lines medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
o 2/3 of matrix
o Specialized chemical crystals of calcium and phosphate= hydroxyapatite
o Deposition of these minerals=calcification |
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Term
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Definition
o Collagenous fibers
o Ground substance: proteins and polysaccharides
o Chondroitin sulfate: compound with glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
Required for bone and cartilage repair |
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Term
| osteon (haversian system) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| concentric, cylinder, sites of lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
| cavities containing tissue fluid where the bone cells are between the layers of lamellae |
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Term
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Definition
| hair like canals, connect lacunae together and conncet into larger canal , Haversion canal |
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Term
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Definition
| central canal, opening in center of osteon, contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves |
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Term
| perforating canal (Volkmann canal) |
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Definition
Canal perpendicular to central canal (Haversian canal)
Contains vessels and nerves
Carries blood from exterior surface of bone to osteon |
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Term
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Definition
o No osteon
o Trabeculae
o lies between 2 layers of compact bone (skull, ribs, vertebrae)
o middle layer= diploe
o functions to resist stress, the bony spicules are arranged along lines of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| • Needle like bony spicules, bone cells are in them |
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Term
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Definition
| forms bone, synthesisize and secrete a specialized organic matrix (osteoid), formed from the osteogenic stem cells found in endosteum and and lining of haversian canal |
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Term
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Definition
| bone reabsorbing cells, giant, erosion of bone minerals, breaks down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium |
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Term
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Definition
| mature bone cells, mature, nondividing osteoblasts, in lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
| • Support, Protection, movement (tendons attached muscles, act as levers), mineral storage (Ca++, P), hemaopoiesis (blood cell formation), red bone marrow (MYELOID TISSUE) in adult, epiphysis of long bone, skull, pelvis, sternum and ribs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Mobilized and moves in/out of bone during breakdown, important for nerve formation, blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, an muscle contractions, stimulates vit D synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| • Most critical factor in regulation of Ca+ levels, released when blood Ca++ levels are low, stimulated osteoclast activity and bone absorption, Ca++ released from bone matric- Ca++ in blood, also increases renal absorption of Ca++ from urine, stimulates vit D synthesis, when Ca++ concentration in blood increases, stimulation for PTH stops |
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Term
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Definition
| • Stimulates bone desposition by osteoblasts, inhibits bone reabsorption (osteoclsts), less important than PTH |
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Term
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Definition
| • Chondrocytes in the deep layer of the perichondrium divides and secretes matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| • Allows daphysis of long bones to increase in length |
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Term
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Definition
| from periosteum lay down bone on outside |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarge diameter of medullary cavity |
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Term
| simple or transverse fracture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bone ends forced into each other |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small bony fragment is pulled away from the bone shaft |
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Term
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Definition
age –related skeletal dz
bone reabsorption on endosteal surface outpaces bone deposit beneath periosteum
bone fragility ( porous & light)
fractures – spine, forearm, hip
post-menopausal women (Caucasian)
Tx – estrogen replacement therapy, drugs, Ca++ supplements, wt-bearing exercises |
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Term
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Definition
“soft bones”
inadequate mineralization of bone
osteoid produced but no calcification
pts w/ malabsorption problems, vit. D & calcium deficiencies, chronic renal failure, & lack of sunlight
rickets in children
Tx – supplements, sunlight |
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Term
| Paget's Disease (osteitis deformans) |
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Definition
older adults
proliferation of osteoclast & compensatory inc osteoblastic activity
rapid & disorganized bone remodeling
bones weakened
skull, femur vertebra, & pelvic bones |
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Term
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Definition
bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue
m/c cause is staphylococcus
assoc w/ extension of another infection or direct bone contamination
elderly, poorly nourished, diabetic are at risk
Tx - antibiotics |
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