Term
|
Definition
bones that
grow within a tendon to increase the mechanical
advantage at that joint.Function is to provide strong support without cumbersome
weight |
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Term
|
Definition
| adults have ____ bones not counting sesamoid bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| main shaft of long bone,hollow thick cylinder bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
both ends of long bones,made mostly of cancellous bone
filled with marrow.Bulbous shape (endure stress).
Function is to provide attachments for muscles and give
stability to joints |
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Term
|
Definition
Layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular
surface of epiphyses. function is to cushion |
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Term
|
Definition
Dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone
. Attaches tendons firmly to bones
. Contains cells that form and destroy bone
.Contains blood vessels important in growth and
repair |
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Term
|
Definition
| marrow cavity, Tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis, filled with yellow marrow in adults |
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Term
|
Definition
thin, fibrous membrane that lines the
medullary cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
Inner portion is cancellous bone covered on the
outside with compact bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| inner cancellous region of cranial flat bone |
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Term
|
Definition
crystals of calcium and phosphate
contribute to bone hardness; inorganic salt |
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Term
|
Definition
composite of collagenous fibers and
proteins and polysaccharides. secreted by connective tissue cells. organic matrix |
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Term
| clinical view: Osteogenesis imperfecta |
|
Definition
• Collagen improperly formed.
• Six forms; all genetic
• Bones fracture easily. Fractures often present at birth, and xrays
may reveal healed fractures that occurred before birth.
• Short stature.
• Sclera have a blue, purple, or gray tint.
• Loose joints and poor muscle development in arms and legs.
• Barrel-shaped rib cage.
• Triangular face.
• Spinal curvature.
• Respiratory problems possible.
• Bone deformity, often severe.
• Brittle teeth possible.
• Hearing loss possible. |
|
|
Term
osteons, or haversian
systems |
|
Definition
Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped
structural units |
|
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Term
|
Definition
concentric cylinder-shaped layers of calcified
matrix around the central canal |
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Term
|
Definition
small spaces containing tissue fluid
in which bone cells are located between hard
layers of the lamella |
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Term
|
Definition
ultra-small canals radiating in all
directions from the lacunae and connecting them
to each other and to the central canal |
|
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Term
| Central (osteonal or Haversian) canal |
|
Definition
extends
lengthwise through the center of each osteon;
contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| contain trabeculae, not osteons |
|
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Term
|
Definition
bone-forming cells, produce matrix
and called osteocytes when mature and surrounded
by matrix. (remove minerals from blood) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| bone mineral eroding/dissolving cells that add minerals to blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| Every 7 years you have a “new” skeleton |
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Term
|
Definition
| skeletal system storehouse for __% of calcium reserves |
|
|
Term
Bone formation, remodeling, and repair
Blood clotting
Transmission of nerve impulses
Maintenance of skeletal and cardiac muscle
contraction |
|
Definition
Homeostasis of calcium ion concentration essential
for |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of soft, diffuse connective tissue; |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| blood cell production site |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Found in virtually all bones in an infant’s or child’s
body
Produces red blood cells |
|
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Term
|
Definition
As an individual ages, red marrow is replaced by this.
Marrow cells become saturated with fat and are no
longer active in blood cell production |
|
|
Term
ribs, bodies of the vertebrae, humerus,
pelvis, and femur |
|
Definition
| bones in adults that still contain red marrow |
|
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Term
|
Definition
development of bone from small
cartilage model to adult bone |
|
|
Term
| intramembraneous ossification |
|
Definition
– Occurs within a connective tissue membrane
– Flat bones begin when groups of cells differentiate
into osteoblasts
– Osteoblasts secrete matrix material and collagenous
fibrils
– Fontanels don’t close until the head slows growth
and the ossification process “catches up”
– Large amounts of ground substance accumulate
around each osteoblast
– Collagenous fibers become embedded in the ground
substance and constitute the bone matrix
– Bone matrix calcifies when calcium salts are
deposited
– Trabeculae appear and join in a network to form
spongy bone
– Appositional growth occurs by adding osseous tissue |
|
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Term
| endochondral ossification |
|
Definition
Most bones begin as a
cartilage model with bone formation spreading essentially
from the center to the ends |
|
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Term
|
Definition
deficient bone ossification due to
vitamin D deficiency |
|
|
Term
Bones grow in length and diameter by the combined
action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts |
|
Definition
| Primary osteons develop within early woven bone... then... |
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Term
|
Definition
special repair tissue that binds the
broken ends of the fracture together |
|
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Term
|
Definition
blood clot occurring
immediately after the fracture, which is then
resorbed and replaced by callus |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| skeleton fully ossifies by.. |
|
|
Term
| I=exercise D=pregnancy, deficient nutrition, illness |
|
Definition
| adult bone strength and density increase? decrease? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| advanced adulthood hard bone is replaced with.. |
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