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| The transport of molecules across a membrane and against their natural flow; mediated by carrier proteins and requiring outside energy. |
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| A protein responsible for mediating the active transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by a conformational change that occurs within the protein that forms an opening for specific molecules to pass through. |
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| A protein responsible for mediating the passive transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by its membrane-spanning hydrophilic structure which, when open, allows molecules to pass through. |
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| The transport process in which molecules naturally travel from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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| A polar molecule that selectively associates itself with water through hydrogen bonds. |
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| A nonpolar molecule that does not readily associate with water through hydrogen bonds. |
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| A membrane protein that cannot be easily removed from the lipid bilayer. |
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| A class of membrane transport proteins. Small, hydrophobic molecules that increase membrane permeability to certain ions. |
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| A thin double layer of phospholipid molecules. Provides the structure of a cell membrane. Structure is a result of hydrophobic and hydrophilic forces. |
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| Membrane proteins that are located entirely within the lipid bilayer, having no part touching either the inside or outside of the cell. |
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| Transmembrane proteins that cross the lipid bilayer more than one time. |
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| The process by which water naturally travels from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration. |
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| Transport mediated by channel proteins. The movement of molecules across a membrane according to the natural flow |
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| A membrane protein that can be easily removed from the lipid bilayer. |
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| A membrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer having portions in contact with both the inside and outside of the cell. Area within the lipid bilayer forms an alpha-helix. |
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| amount of energy stored in a system |
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| in photosynthetic animals are not photosynthetic themselves; rather they have photosynthetic bacteria inside them |
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