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Chapter 7
Central Nervous System
31
Pathology
Not Applicable
11/13/2014

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Term
Acoustic Neurilemmoma
Definition
tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath
Term
Acoustic Neuroma
Definition
tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath, inner ear to brain
Term
Annulus Fibrosus
Definition
the tough circular exterior of the intervertebral disc that surrounds the soft inner core, the nucleus pulposus
Term
Astrocytomas
Definition
glioma composed of astrocytes, which are star shaped neuroglial cells with many branching processes
Term
Atherothrombotic Brain Infraction
Definition
infract caused by thrombosis of a cerebral artery
Term
Blood-brain barrier
Definition
the special functioning of the cerebral capillaries that prevents the passage of unwanted substances into the brain
Term
Brain Abscess
Definition
encapsulated accumulation of pus within the cranium resulting from a cranial infection, a penetrating head wound, or an infection spread through the bloodstream
Term
Cervical spondylosis
Definition
degenerative joint disease affecting the cervical vertebrae, vertebral disks, and surrounding ligaments and connective tissue
Term
Craniopharyngioma
Definition
a cystic, benign tumor that usually grows above the sella and upward into the third ventricle of the brain
Term
Encephalitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain
Term
Ependymoma
Definition
A glial tumor that is firm and whitish and arises from the ependyma, the ventricle lining
Term
Glioblastoma multiforme
Definition
advanced astrocytoma-malignant
Term
Gliomas
Definition
A tumor composed of tissue that represents neuroglia, commonly occurring in the cerebral hemispheres of the posterior fossa
Term
Herniated nucleus pulposus
Definition
Herniation of the nucleus pulposus of the disk through a rupture in the annulus fibrosus
Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition
A congenital or acquired condition resulting from accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain and leading to ventricular enlargement, compression of brain tissue, and increased intracranial pressure
Term
Lacunar infraction
Definition
Small vessel disease that results in a thrombotic stroke
Term
Medulloblastomas
Definition
Soft, infiltrating tumors of neuroepithelial tissue that are highly malignant
Term
Meningioma
Definition
A hard, usually vascular tumor that occurs mainly along meningeal vessels and the superior longitudinal sinus
Term
Meningitis
Definition
Inflammation of the meninges caused by bacteria or a virus
Term
Meningocele
Definition
Hernial protrusion of the meninges through a defect of the skull of vertebral column
Term
Meningomyelocele
Definition
Protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect of the vertebral column, as is commonly associated with spina bifida
Term
Multiple sclerosis
Definition
A chronic, slowly progressive disease of the central nervous system, characterized by demyelination of the nerve sheath
Term
Myelocele
Definition
Protrusion of the spinal cord through the normally closed bony neural arch of the spine
Term
Neurofibromas
Definition
spinal neoplasm that is an extramedullary tumor
Term
Nucleus pulposus
Definition
inner core of vertebral disk
Term
Oligodendroglioma
Definition
A glioma, it is a slow-growing astrocytic tumor that is usually relatively benign
Term
Pituitary Adenoma
Definition
benign tumor of the pituitary gland
Term
Schwannoma
Definition
tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath
Term
Subdural empyema
Definition
accumulated pus within the meningeal layers between the dura mater and arachnoid
Term
Sylvian triangle
Definition
Anatomic landmark in cerebral angiography, created by the middle cerebral artery and its branches
Term
Transient ischemic attacks(TIA)
Definition
A temporary episode of neurologic dysfunction that can precede a cerebrovascular accident
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