Term
| Are viruses alive? How do they work? |
|
Definition
| no they aren't alive, they work by invading human cells |
|
|
Term
| Do typical antibiotics work on viruses or fungal cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What had led to the rise in the number of antibiotic-resistant organisms? |
|
Definition
| prescriptions of antibiotics for aliments such as the flu |
|
|
Term
| Are fungal and viral infections easier to treat than bscteria? |
|
Definition
| no, they are harder to treat |
|
|
Term
| What are fungi? What are they like? |
|
Definition
| eukaryotes, cells are similar to humans |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common fungal infection we see in the office? |
|
Definition
| Candida-albicans or Tinea |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 most common viral infections we seen? |
|
Definition
| influenza, HSV, HIV, AIDS, hepatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oropharyngeal lesions, also on face and eyes |
|
|
Term
| What is HSV-2 virus transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do antibirals for HSV target? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an antiviral for HSV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pharmokinetics for acyclovir? |
|
Definition
A-topical, oral, parenteral
D-half life increases over time
M-minimal(levels build up over time)
E-excreted in kidneys |
|
|
Term
| What are some adverse reactions of acyclovir? |
|
Definition
| renal effects, nausea/vomiting, rash(topical), headache |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a prodrug antiviral for HSV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that is inactive when absorbed, and becomes active when metabolized |
|
|
Term
| What is valganciclovir a prodrug of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the pharmokinetics of valganciclovir like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some bad things about valganciclovir? |
|
Definition
| possible carcinogen, teratogen, mutagen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some other antivirals for HSV? (4) |
|
Definition
1.valacyclovir (Valtrex)
2.penciclovir (Denavir)
3.famciclovir (Famvir)
4.docosanol (Abreva) |
|
|
Term
| What is the absorption and bioability of valacyclovir (Valtrex) like? What treatment does it provide? |
|
Definition
-better absorption and bioability than acyclovir or famciclovir
-suppressive or acute treatment |
|
|
Term
| How is penciclovir (Denavir) administered? When is it administered? |
|
Definition
-topical prescription
-applied before lesion appears |
|
|
Term
| How is famciclovir (Famvir) administered? What is it? |
|
Definition
-administered orally
-prodrug of penciclovir |
|
|
Term
| How is docosanol (Abreva) administered? |
|
Definition
| OTC topical medication for ative herpes lesions |
|
|
Term
| Where do fungal infections occur? |
|
Definition
-mucosa or skin (mucocutaneous)
-or systemically |
|
|
Term
| How can mucosa or skin fungal infecions be treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute pseudomembranous Candidiasis |
|
|
Term
| How are systemic fungal infections treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a fungus-specific macrolide antibiotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is nystatin (Mycostatin)systemically absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is nystatin (Mycostatin) applied? |
|
Definition
| directly to lesion several times per day for several minutes at a time |
|
|
Term
| What are some forms of nystatin (Mycostatin)? |
|
Definition
-oral suspension(swish around in mouth
-lozenges
-vaginal tablet(same as lozenge w/o sugar) |
|
|
Term
| How long is the treatment with nystatin (Mycostatin)? Is it expensive? |
|
Definition
-10-14 day treatment
-inexpensive |
|
|
Term
| What are imidazoles used for? |
|
Definition
| systemic fungal infections |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of imidazoles? |
|
Definition
-clotrimazole(Mycelex)
-fluconazole(Diflucan) |
|
|
Term
| What is a adverse reaction of clotrimazole(Mycelex)? What pregnancy cat is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is fluconazole(Diflucan) used to treat? |
|
Definition
| systemic fungal infections |
|
|
Term
| What are some drug interactions with fluconazole(Diflucan)? |
|
Definition
| -drug interactions due to the inhibition of several liver cytochrome P450 emzymes |
|
|
Term
| What are some specific drugs what interact with fluconazole(Diflucan)? |
|
Definition
-Benzos
-erythromyocin
-warfarin |
|
|
Term
| What is another example of a imidazole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is ketoconazole(Nizoral) administered? What does is require to be absorbed? |
|
Definition
-orally
-requires acidic environment for absorption in GI tract |
|
|
Term
| What may the formulation of ketoconazole(Nizoral) include? |
|
Definition
| -HCL, drink with a straw to protect enamel |
|
|
Term
| What is the absorption of ketoconazole(Nizoral) inhibited by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some adverse reactions of ketoconazole(Nizoral)? |
|
Definition
-GI distress
-hepatoxicity
-preg cat C |
|
|
Term
| What are the drug interactions of ketoconazole(Nizoral)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systemic antifungal treatment |
|
|
Term
| How is Amphotericin B administered? What are some adverse reactions? |
|
Definition
-administered parenterally
-many adverse reactions(flu symptoms, GI distress, neohrotoxicity) |
|
|
Term
| Are there many drug interactions seen with Amphotericin B? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another antifungal used for systemic treatments |
|
|
Term
| How does Griseofulvin work? Where is it deposited? |
|
Definition
-stops fungal cell division
-deposited in areas hat are likely to have ringworm |
|
|
Term
| How long does treatment with Griseofulvin occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some adverse reactions of Griseofulvin? |
|
Definition
-photosensitivity
-CNS disturbance(nightmares) |
|
|
Term
| When should antiviral medications be applied? |
|
Definition
| at the first indication that a lesion is developing |
|
|
Term
| Will antiviral medications cure the infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should antiviral medications be continued? |
|
Definition
| 2 days after lesions disappear to prevent recurrence |
|
|
Term
| Who are some people who have increased susceptibility to fungal infections? |
|
Definition
-people on antibiotics
-people using corticosteroid for asthma |
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