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Chapter 7
Thought and Language
16
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/01/2011

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Term
Thinking
Definition
Manipulating mental representations for a purpose
Term
mental images
Definition
visual representations of a stimulus
Term
mental models
Definition
representation that describe explain, or predict the way things work
Term
categories
Definition
groupings based on common properties
Term
concept
Definition
mental representation of a category of objects, ideas, or events that share common properties
Term
categorization
Definition
THE PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING AN OBJECT AS AN INSTANCE OF A CATEGORY, RECOGNIZING ITS SIMILARITY TO SOME OBJECTS AND DISSIMILARITY TO OTHERS
Term
defining features
Definition
qualities that are essential, or necessarily present, in order to classify an object as a member of a category
Term
well-defined concepts
Definition
concepts that have properties clearly setting them apart from other concepts
Term
prototype
Definition
a particularly good example of a category
Term
basic level
Definition
the level of categories which people naturally go; the level at which objects share distinctive properties
Term
subordinate level
Definition
a level of categorization below the basic level in which more specific attributes are shared by members of a category
Term
superordinate level
Definition
the more abstract level of categorization in which members of a category share few common features
Term
reasoning
Definition
the process by which people generate and evaluate arguments and beliefs
Term
inductive reasoning
Definition
the process of reasoning from specific observations to general propositions
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
the process of reasoning that draws logical conclusions from premises
Term
syllogism
Definition
a formal statement of deductive reasoning which consists of two premises that lead to a logical conclusion
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