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Chapter 7
Learning From Experiance
13
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/27/2008

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Orienting Response
Definition
Inborn tendency to notice and respond to surprising events
Term
Habituation
Definition

Decline in the dendency to respond to an event that has become familiar through repeated exposure.

 

i.e. smells, sound of car

Term
Sensifization
Definition

Increased responsiveness, or sensitivity, to an event that has been repeated.

 

i.e. Loud noise, car that ends up in your lane

Term
Conditioned stimulus
Definition

A Neutral stumulus (NS) that is paired with the UCS during classical conditioning.

 

i.e. feeders footsteps

Term
Conditioned response (CR)
Definition

The acquired response produced by the conditioned stimulus in anticipation of the US.

 

i.e. Dog salivates (CR) when hearing the feeder's footsteps

Term
Stimulus generalization
Definition

Responding to a new stimulus in a way similar to the response produced by an established CS.

 

i.e. "Little Albert" conditioned to fear white rats; fear extended to rabbits, fur coats

Term
Stimulus discrimination
Definition

Responding differently to a new stimulus than one responds to an established CS

 

i.e. Little Alberts fear didn't extend to a block of wood

Term
Extinction
Definition

Presenting a CS repeatedly, after conditioning, without the UCS, resulting in a loss in responding.

 

i.e. Food no longer follows a bell, so dog gradually stops salivating in response to the bell

Term
Spontaneous recovery
Definition

Recovery of an extinguished CR after a period of nonexposure to the CS

 

note: Sometimes the CR isn't as strong as it once was

Term
Positive reinforcement
Definition
Event that, when presented after a response, increases likelihood of that response occuring again
Term
Negative reinforcement
Definition
Event that, when removed after a response, increases likelihood of that response occuring again
Term
Escape conditioning
Definition
i.e. Animal learns to escape an ongoing shoc
Term
Avoidance conditioning
Definition
i.e. Animal learns to escape first to avoid shock
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