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1. all living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. cells are the basic unit of structure
3. all cells arise only from previously exsisting cells |
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| a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell |
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| specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions |
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| contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by a membrane. also called membrane bound organelle |
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| defined as cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
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| a key property to the plasma membrane that allowes some substances to pass through while keeping others out |
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| a structure of the plasma membrane where two phospholipid layers are arranged head to head. lipids have polar heads and nonpolar tails. |
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| move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane that could not otherwise get through |
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| the phosphlipid bilayer "sea" in which molecules can float it |
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| the environment inside a plasma membrane is a semifluid material. |
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| a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles |
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| inside the nucleus, the site of ribosome production |
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| the site for protein and lipid synthesis. composed of interconnected channels |
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| the area of ER where ribosomes are attached |
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| area of ER where ribosomes are not attached. smooth ER in the liver detoxifies harmful substances |
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| flattened sack of membranes that modifies, sorts and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. vesicles then take them where they need to go |
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| a storage place for food, enzymes and other materials needed. animal cell vacuoles (if present) are much smaller then plant cell vacuoles |
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| clean up of the cell, digest old organelles and food particles. they also eat bacteria and viruses that enter the cell |
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| energy generator for the cell |
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| capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy. plant cells only |
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| protects the cell and gives it support. plant cells only |
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| net movement of particles from high to low concetration |
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| continuous movement but no overall change |
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| net movement of particles from high to low concentration with the aid of a protein |
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| diffusion dealing particularly with water molecules |
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| diffusion dealing particularly with solutes |
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| when water enters and leaves the cell at the same rate |
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| a cell in a solution with a lower concentration of solute (egg in water) |
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| concentration of solute outside of the cell is higher then the inside. (egg in syrup) |
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| movement of substance across a concentration gradient in a plasma membrane that requires energy |
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| cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment |
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| secretion of particles in the plasma membrane |
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