Actions of the wrist and hand joints

flexion and extension

&

abduction and adduction

How many bones, joints muscles

(and of those are intrinsic muscles)

in the wrist and hand?

29 bones (including radius & ulna)

more than 25 jts.

more than 30 muscles

with 18 intrinsic muscles

Name the 8 carpal bones in order 

(starting with the proximal bones, 

listing from radial to ulnar)

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

What kind of shape do the carpal bones form and what runs underneath it?

(and what structures does it contain?) 

It forms a 3-sided concave arch on the palmar side

It protects the carpal tunnel,

which contains an artery, flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, flexor digitorum profundus tendon and the median nerve

What carpal is most likely to be fractured

and what is the MOI?

Scaphoid, which can be fractured w/wrist hyperextension and FOOSH

It is often dismissed as a wrist sprain and can cause complications later with precise immobilization or surgery

Match together:

-anterior

-posterior

-dorsal

-palmar

-the view that is most used

Anterior, palmar and the view that is most used

Posterior and dorsal

How many metacarpals and phalanxes does the wrist and hand have?

5 metacarpals and 14 phalanxes

Each finger has 1 metacarpal

Fingers 2-5 have 3 phalanxes, the thumb has 2

The 3 phalanx types are proximal, middle and distal

Which structure in the hand contains a sesamoid bone and what is its purpose?

The flexor tendon of the thumb

It increases the mechanical advantage of the thumb joint

sesamoid bones can also occur in the other fingers

Where do many wrist and finger flexors originate?

The medial epicondyle and medial condyloid ridge of the humerus

What originates at the lateral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge of the humerus?

The wrist and finger extensor muscles

What are the key bony landmarks for wrist movement?

2nd - 5th metacarpals

pisiform

hamate

Where do finger muscles that are involved in wrist movement usually insert?

At the base of the proximal, middle and distal phalanxes of the phalanges

What type of joint is the wrist joint

and what are the movements associated with it?

(and where do these movements mostly take place?)

condyloid joint

flex., ex., ab. and ad.

occur between the distal radius and proximal carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum)

What are the ROM values for wrist movement

(in degrees, silly...don't get out your calculator)?

70 - 90 flexion

65 - 85 extension

15 - 25 radial deviation (ab.)

25 - 40 ulnar deviation (ad.)

Define the MCP joint and give it's ROM values.

metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)

between the metacarpals and proximal phalanx 

condyloid joint

0 - 40 ex.

85 - 100 flex.

Define and describe the type and ROM of the PIP joint.

proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

between the proximal and middle phalanx

ginglymus joint

90 - 120 flexion from full extension

Define the DIP joint by its type, ROM and any other interesting facts.

Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

connects the middle and distal phalanx

ginglymus joint

80 - 90 flexion from full extension

can also get SOME extension but not much

How many joints does the thumb have,

what type of joints are they

and what are each of their ROM?

2 joints - MCP and IP (interphalangeal)

both jts. are considered ginglymus

MCP - 40 - 90 flex. from full ex.

IP - 80 - 90 flex. from full ex.

also has a CMC joint (carpometacarpal) 

saddle jt.

50 - 70 ab.

15 - 40 flex.

0 - 20 ex.