Term
| What is the "cell theory"? |
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Definition
| All living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells. |
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Term
| How do researchers expore the living cell? |
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Definition
| They use microscopes, fluorescent labels, and light microscopy. |
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Term
| What are the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cells don't have genetic material in the nuclues and eukaryotic cells do. |
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Term
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Definition
| a part of a cell that has its own unique function to keep the cell alive |
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Term
| What are the differences between plant and animal cells? |
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Definition
| Plant cells have cell walls to keep plants steady and supported. |
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Term
| What is the function of a cell membrane? |
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Definition
| It gives the cell shape and support while also deciding which materials can enter and leave the cell. |
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Term
| What is the function of a cell wall? |
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Definition
| It surrounds the cell, giving it protection and support. |
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Term
| What is the function of a nucleus? |
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Definition
| It is the "brain" of the cell, making sure ever other organelle is doing its job correctly. |
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Term
| What is the function of a nuclear membrane? |
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Definition
| It surrounds the membrane to keep it safe. |
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Term
| What is the function of a nucleolus? |
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Definition
| It starts the protein-making process. |
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Term
| What is the function of a chromosome? |
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Definition
| It contains the genetic information of the cell. |
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Term
| What is the function of DNA? |
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Definition
| DNA and RNA contain coded instructions for cells. |
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Term
| What is the function of a chloroplast? |
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Definition
| It captures energy from the sun and turns it into chemical energy the cell can use. |
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Term
| What is the function of a mitochondria? |
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Definition
| It converts chemical energy stroed in food into compounds the cell can use.
Mitochondrian are inherited from your mother. |
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Term
| What is the function of a ribosome? |
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Definition
| It assembles proteins using instructions from the nucleolus. |
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Term
| What is the function of a endoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
| It assembles lipid components of the membrane and other materials that will leave the cell. |
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Term
| What is the function of a golgi body? |
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Definition
| It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials that come from the ER for stroage or cell secretion. |
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Term
| What is the function of a lysosome? |
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Definition
| It breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins and removes "junk" from the cell. |
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Term
| What is the function of a vacuole? |
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Definition
| It stores materials (water, carbohydrates, etc.) that the cell will use later on. |
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Term
| What is the function of a centriole? |
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Definition
| It organizes cell division. |
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Term
| What is the function of cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| I'm not really sure. I think it just holds everything together... I know it helps out in the process of phagocytosis... But other than that... I'm open to other correct answers. =P |
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Term
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Definition
| double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all the cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
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Term
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Definition
| energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which a cell takes material into the cell by enfolding of the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which a cell releases large amounts of material |
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Term
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Definition
| separate rules for each type of cell in multicellular organisms |
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Term
| Name 6 ways the cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
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Definition
| Diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis |
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Term
| What three things make up a lipid bilayer? |
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Definition
| The actual lipid bilayer, protein channels, and carbohydrate chains. |
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Term
| Describe the effects of this form of osmosis: isotonic |
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Definition
| The concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell. |
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Term
| Describe the effects of this form of osmosis: hypertonic |
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Definition
| The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. |
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Term
| Describe the effects of this form of osmosis: hypotonic |
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Definition
| The solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell. |
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Term
| How does active transport differ from diffusion? |
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Definition
| During diffusion, materials can move easily across the membrane through protein channels. During active transport, transport proteins have to pump molecules in and out of the cell, which takes effort. |
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Term
| What are the benefits of stem cell research? What are the drawbacks? |
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Definition
| I have never heard of "stem cell research", so if you want to email me and give me the answer for this one... |
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