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Chapter 7-8 Vocabulary
Mr. McMillen's Physical Science Class
28
Science
9th Grade
10/02/2007

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Term
suspension
Definition
a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas
Term
colloid
Definition
a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspeneded in a liquid, solid, or gas
Term
emulsion
Definition
any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed in the other
Term
solution
Definition
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substance uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase
Term
solute
Definition
the substance that dissolves in the solvent
Term
solvent
Definition
the substance in which the solute dissolves
Term
alloy
Definition
a solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals
Term
polar compound
Definition
a molecule that has a negative charge on one side amd a positive charge on the other
Term
hydrogen bonding
Definition
the intermolecular force occuring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule
Term
nonpolar compounds
Definition
a compound whose elctrons are equally distributed among its atoms
Term
solubility
Definition
the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount
Term
concentration
Definition
the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore
Term
unsaturated solution
Definition
a solution that is able to dissolve additional solute
Term
saturated solution
Definition
a solution that can not dissolve and more solute under the given conditions
Term
supersaturated solution
Definition
unstable; holds more solute than it normally can
Term
molarity
Definition
the concentration on a solution in moles of dissolved solute per liter of solution
Term
acid
Definition
any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts
Term
indicators
Definition
a compound that can reversibly change color depending on the pH of the solution or other chemical change
Term
electrolyte
Definition
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current
Term
bases
Definition
any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions whne dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
Term
pH
Definition
a value that is used to express the acidity to alkalinity of a solution; it is defined as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration of hydronium ions
Term
neutralization reaction
Definition
the reaction of the ions that characterize acids (hydronium ions) and the atoms that characterize bases (hydroxide ions) to form water molecules and a salt
Term
salt
Definition
an ionic compound that forms when a metal atom or a positive radical replaces the hydrogen of the acid
Term
soap
Definition
a substance that is used as a cleaner and that dissolves in water
Term
detergents
Definition
a water-soluble cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil
Term
disinfectant
Definition
a chemical substance that kills harmful bacteria or viruses
Term
bleach
Definition
a chemical compound used to whiten or make lighter, such as hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite
Term
antacids
Definition
a weak base that neutralizes stomach acid
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