Abduction (118)

Movement of a body part away from the midline.

adduction(118)

Movement of a body part toward the midline.

amphiarthrosis(115)

A joint or articulation between bones

that is slightly movable & usually

connected by cartilage.  For example,

the ribs are connected to the sternum

via hyaline cartilage.

appendicular

skeleton

(108)

appositional

growth(97)

articular cartilage

(95)

articulation (95)

atlas(106)

The first cervical vertebrae which helps to support & balance the head; It has 2 depressions which

articulate w/ the occipital condyles of the skull.

axial skeleton

(100)

Part of the skeleton that lies in the midline

and contains the bones of the skull, the

hyoid bone, the vertebral column,

& the thoracic cage.

axis (106)

The name for the 2nd Cervical Vertebrae or c2. 

This vertebrae has an odontoid process

that projects into the ring of the atlas.

ball-and-socket

joint (116)

The most freely movable type of synovial

joint; for example,

the shoulder or hip joint.

bursa(116)

Sac-like, fluid filed structure, lined with

synovial membrane, that occurs near a joint.

calcaneus(114)

cartilaginous

joints(115)

The type of structural joint that

usually has a little movement (amphiarthrosis);

for example, the connection between

the ribs and sternum.

circumduction(118)

Cone-like movement of a body part,

such that the distal end moves in a circle,

while the proximal portion

remains relatively stable.

clavicles(109)

Slender s-shaped bones which

articulate medially w/ the

manubrium of the sternum.

coccyx(107)

A.K.A. the tailbone.

compact bone(95)

condyloid joint(117)

Bone with an oval-shaped projection

at one end jointed with a bone possessing

a complementary elliptical cavity;

the joints between the metacarpals & phalanges.

coxal bone(112)

depression(119)

Movement of a synovial joint

which lowers a body part;

lowering of the shoulders

diaphysis(95)

diarthrosis(115)

A type of joint which is freely movable;

usually has synovial structure.  Includes

ball-n-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding,

and condyloid joints.

elevation(119)

The lifting up of a body part.  

Shrugging your shoulders.

endochondral

ossification(97)

CHAPTER 6.1 

The way most bones of the human skeleton form. Hyaline cartilage models are gradually replaced by bone.  Cartilage begins to break down in the center of the diaphysis, which is covered by the periosteum.  Osteoblasts invade the region and lay down spongy bone in the primary ossification center.  Other osteoblast lay down compact bone beneath the periosteum  Compact bone thickens; osteoclasts break down spongy bone in the diaphyses to create the medullary cavity.  After birth, epiphyses continue to grow and secondary ossification centers develop there.

epiphyseal

plate

(97)

CHAPTER 6.1

A band of cartilage that develops

in long bones and separates

the primary and secondary

ossification centers.

epiphysis(95)

Eversion(118)

Movement of the foot in

which the sole is turned outward.

Extension(117)

Movement that increases the

angle between body parts at a joint.

femur(113)

Longest and strongest bone of the

human body; Upper leg bone that

includes a head, which fits into

the acetabulum of the coxal bone.

The greater and lesser trochanters

provide a place of attachment for the

muscles of the thighs and buttocks.

fibrous joints(115)

2 or more bones joined by

connective tissue containing

many fibers; synarthroses

fibula(114)

flexion(117)

Bending at a joint so that

the angle between bones is decreased.

fontanels(101)

Membranous regions between the

forming bones of the cranium in newborns; 
Permits the bones of the skull to shift during birth.

gliding joint(117)

When 2 bones with mainly flat

surfaces are joined together;

located between the bones

of the carpals and tarsals.

hematopoiesis(95)

hinge joint(117)

Type of joint characterized

by a convex surface of 1 bone

fitting into a concave surface of another so that movement is confined to one place, such

as in the knee or interphalangeal joint.

humerus(110)

Bone of the upper arm.

ilium(112)

intervertebral

disk(105)

intramembranous

ossification(97)

CHAPTER 6.1 

When the bone of the cranium

develop between sheets of

fibrous connective tissue.

inversion(118)

Movement of the foot so

that the sole is turned medially (inward).

ischium(112)

ligament(116)

Strong connective tissue

which joins bone to bone.

Medullary

Cavity(95)

meniscus(116)

Piece of fibrocartilage that separates 

the surfaces of bones in the knee.

metatarsal

bones(114)

ossification(97)

osteoblast(97)

osteocyte(97)

osteoclast(97)

osteoprogenitor

cells(97)

CHAPTER 6.1

Undifferentiated cells located in the

inner periosteum, endosteum, and

central canal of compact bone.

patella(113)

pectoral girdle(108)

pelvic girdle (112)

Contains the 2 coxal bones, sacrum,

and coccyx. These bones bear the weight of

the body and serve as the point

of attachment for the lower limbs.

periosteum(95)

CHAPTER 6.1

A tough, fibrous connective tissue covering

of bones which is continuous with

tendons & ligaments.

phalanges(115)

Bones of the fingers and thumb in the

hand and of the toes in the foot (sing. phalanx).

pivot joint(116)

The end of a bone moving within a

ring formed by another

bone & connective tissue.

Ex. between the atlas (C₁) & axis (C₂)

pronation(118)

Rotation of the forearm so

that the palm faces backward.

pubic symphysis(116)

Slightly movable, cartilaginous joint

between the anterior surfaces of the hip bones.

pubis(112)

radius(110)

red bone marrow(95)

rib cage(107)

Rotation(118)

Movement of a bone along

its own longitudinal axis.

sacrum(107)

saddle joint(116)

Two bones jointed, having

convex andconcave surfaces

that are complementary.

Ex. joint between the carpal &

 the metacarpal joint of the thumb.

Scapulae(109)

• A cavity or hollow space w/in a bone that is lined w/mucus membranes.
• Function: reduce the weight of bone and give ones voice a resonant sound.
• Examples include the frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, paranasal, and maxillary.

Sinusitis(100)

Spongy bone(95)

sternum(108)

Supination(118)

Rotation of the forearm so that

the palm faces forward when

in the anaotmical position.

suture(101)

• Immovable joints that mark the boarders between bones of the cranium.

A joint, usually characterized by

sutures & gomphoses (fibrous), that is immovable.

synovial fluid(116)

Fluid secreted by a synovial membranes.

synovial joint(115)

Freely movable joint (diarthroses)

that is enclosed within a fluid-filled membrane.

talus(114)

• 2nd Largest of the 7 tarsal bones, this bone can move freely where it joins the tibia and fibula.

tarsal bones(114)

• 7 bones of the ankle which include the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, laterial cuneiform, medial cuneiform, and intermediate cuneiform.

tibia(114)

ulna(110)

• Easily recognized for its u-shaped trochlear notch in mammals, this lower arm or forlimb bone runs parallel and medial to the radius when the body is in anatomical position.

Vertebrae(105)

• A series of separate bones which extend from the skull to the pelvis.

Vertebral column(105)

• Consists of a series of separate bones that protect the spinal cord, forms the vertical axis, supports the skull, supports the rib cage, and attaches to the pelvis.
• 7 cervical
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
• 5 sacral
• 3-5 coccygeal

Abduction (118)

[image]

adduction(118)

[image]

amphiarthrosis (115)

[image]

appendicular skeleton(108)

appositional

growth(97)

atlas vertebrae

(C₁)

[image]

circumduction(118)

[image]

condyloid joint(117)

[image]

coxal bone(112)

elevation(119)

Eversion(118)

Extension(117)

femur(113)

Tibia

&

fibula(114)

[image]

flexion(117)

gliding joint(117)

[image]

fontanels(101)

humerus(110)

inversion(118)

axis (106)

axial skeleton

(100)

coccyx(107)

pronation(118)

Scapula(109)

Supination(118)