Determines both the probability and the speed of access to memory.  

A cognitive architecture based on the assumption of a unified theory of mind.

·         Explains how human cognition works and what the structures and processes of human memory, thinking, problem solving, and language are.

A condition that prevents a person from forming new memories.

An “inner voice” rehearses verbal information.

·         Example: When one is told a phone number, one rehearses the number over and over again.

Facilitates the rate at which words are read. 

A method for searching associative networks, biological and artificial neural networks, or semantic networks.

·         Concerns how the context can make some memories more available.

Spread of activation serves to make related areas of the memory network more available for further cognitive processing.

Sometimes called Echoic Memory.

The sensory memory register specific to auditory information (sounds). The sensory memory for sounds that people have just perceived is the form of echoic memory.

A system which controls attentional processes rather than as a memory store.

The central executive decides which information is attended to and which parts of the working memory to send that information to be dealt with.

Puts information into any of the slave systems or retrieve info from them.

What was critical was not how long info is rehearsed, but rather the depth to which it is processed.  

Involves creating additional information that relates and expands on what it is that needs to be remembered.

Events so important that they seem to burn themselves into memory forever.

It is a highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshot' of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) news was heard.

Part of the visual memory system which also includes long-term memory and visual short-term memory. It is a type of sensory memory that lasts very briefly before quickly fading.

·       A fast decaying store of visual information.

When a pathway is stimulated with a high-frequency electric current, cells along that pathway show increased sensitivity to further stimulation.

·         Occurs in the hippocampus and cortical areas.

Refers to the number of elements one can immediately repeat back.   

The partial report condition required participants to identify a subset of the characters from the visual display using cued recall. The cue was a tone which sounded at various time intervals (~50 ms) following the offset of the stimulus.

A component of working memory model that deals with auditory information. It is subdivided into the phonological store (which holds words we hear) and the articulatory process (which allows us to repeat words in a loop).

An algorithm representing the idea that something is slowing down the learning process; at least, this is what the function suggests. Our learning does not occur at a constant rate according to this function; our learning is hindered.

Memory improves as a function of practice.

A general theory of retrieval from long-term memory that combines features of associative network models and random search models.

·         It posits cue-dependent probabilistic sampling and recovery from an associative network, but the network is specified as a retrieval structure rather than a storage structure.

·         Images (memory traces) and familiarity (activation).

The second stage of the multi-store memory model proposed by Atkinson-Shiffrin.

• Limited capacity (only about 7 items can be stored at a time).
• Limited duration (storage is very fragile, and info can be lost with distraction or passage of time).
• Encoding (primarily acoustic, even translating visual info is sounds).

The term often used to refer to the process by which currently attended items can make associated memories more available.

The quantity that determines this inherent availability (memories that are more available simply because they are used frequently in all contexts) of a memory is referred to as its strength.  

A memory system that can effectively hold all the information in the visual display.

The component of working memory responsible for handling visual and spatial information.

It allows us to recreate images either based on something we're seeing in real time or something we've seen in the past.

In whole report you present a string of letters or numbers and ask the participant to recall all of them that they can.

A system for holding information that we need to perform a task.