Term
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Definition
| all movement is a result of muscle contraction. Muscle move and pull on the bone which combine, produce movement. |
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Definition
| works against gravity to help support us( sitting or standing) |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle help keep joints tightly connected |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle produce ATP which generates heat as a by-product |
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Term
| Function of Muscle Tissue |
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Definition
.Produce Movement
.Maintain Posture
.Stabilize Joints
.Generate Heat |
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Term
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Definition
.involuntary
.no striations
.uninucleated |
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Term
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Definition
.striated
.voluntary
.multinucleated |
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Term
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Definition
.involuntary
.striated
.Multinucleated with intercalated disk |
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Term
| Structure of a Muscle Cell |
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Definition
.Sarcolemma(cell membrane)
.Myofibrils( fibers with in the cell filled with cytoplasm)
.Light bonds (I) and Dark Bonds (A) pattern the myofibril
.Light bond contain the Z line which contracts during muscle movement
.A sarcomere contains two light bonds and one dark |
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Term
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Definition
.pattern the myofibrils
.Light bond contain the Z line which contracts during muscle movement |
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Term
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Definition
.myofilaments are able to sicle past each other during contractions
.the muscle shortens and movement occurs |
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Term
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Definition
.tension in the muscle increases
. the muscle is unable to shorten or produce movement |
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Term
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Definition
.some fibers are contracted even in a relaxed muscle
.different fibers contract and different times to provide muscle tone
.the process o stimulating various fibers is under involuntary control |
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Term
| Effect of Exercise on Muscles |
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Definition
.exercise increases muscle size, strength, and endurance
. aerobic(endurance) exercise results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to faigue
- makes body metablism more efficient
- improves digestion, coordination
.Resistance( isometric exercise (weight lifting) increase muscle size and strength |
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Term
| Muscle contraction steps (10) |
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Definition
1.Nerve impulse reaches axon terminals
2. Neurotransmitter is realeased
3. Ach diffues across synaptic cleft and attatches to receptors part of the sarcolemma
4. Arcolemma becomes temp. permeable to Na ions which rush into the muscle cell, and to potassium ions which diffuse out of the cell.
5.More Na enters than K leaves, so the cells interior's excess of positive ions reverse electrical conditions of the sarcolmma
6.More channels are open and allow Na entry only
7.Action potential is generated
8.Action potential travels over the entire surface of sarcolemma, conducting the elctrical impulse from one end of the cell to the other
9. The result is contraction of the muscle cell |
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Term
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Definition
1. Stimulus stops.
2.SACh is destroyed by AchEsterase or diffuses throughout the synaptic cleft. Membrane is no longer permeable to Na+. ACh also diffuses away.
3.Ca2+ transported (active, ATP used) back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4.17. Low [Ca2+] in sarcoplasm causes Ca2+ to leave the troponin.
5.The tropomyosin shifts around to cover the myosin binding sites. The sarcomere will lengthen as the filaments slide back to their original position.
or
1. diffusinon of potassium ions out of the cells
2. operation of the sodium potassium pump, the active transport mechanism that moves the sodium and potassium ions back to their initial positions. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Stimulus stops.
2.SACh is destroyed by AchEsterase or diffuses throughout the synaptic cleft. Membrane is no longer permeable to Na+. ACh also diffuses away.
3.Ca2+ transported (active, ATP used) back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4.17. Low [Ca2+] in sarcoplasm causes Ca2+ to leave the troponin.
5.The tropomyosin shifts around to cover the myosin binding sites. The sarcomere will lengthen as the filaments slide back to their original position. |
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Term
| Why is rich blood supply so important to muscle contraction? |
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Definition
| In order for muscles to contract a supply of blood, ATP is needed within the cell. And when there is a limited supply of blood, there will not be enough oxygen to keep up with the energy demands for contraction. |
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Term
| Why are the connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle important? What is the function of the tendons? |
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Definition
They contain muscles and give them shape. They are attached to tendons that provide leverage. They direct muscle contraction and extension, in order to direct movement to desired places.
Tendons attach muscle to bone and provide an extension of connective tissues. |
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Term
| four criteria used as a basis for naming skeletal muscles |
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Definition
| size,shape,number of origins, and location of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| the intersecting point where the nerve fiber and the muscle meet |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of one alpha motor neuron (large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord) together with all the muscle fibers it stimulates |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous contraction of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability of muscle to contract even when stimulated, it’s believed root cause is from Oxygen deficit |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals that send signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse (junction that permits a neuron to pass an electrical signal to another cell) |
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Term
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Definition
| flexes the vertebral column (backbone or spine) |
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Term
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Definition
| flexes vertebral column and rotates the trunk (part of the body from below the neck down to the waist) and bends it from the side (laterally) |
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Term
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Definition
| functions same as external oblique |
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Term
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Definition
| compresses abdominal contents |
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Term
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Definition
| raises the rib cage when you inhale |
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Term
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Definition
| help more air out of lungs when you exhale forcibly |
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Term
| antagonistic action of muscles |
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Definition
| When the biceps are contracting, the triceps are relaxed, and stretches back to its original position. The opposite happens when the triceps contract. |
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