FUNCTIONS 5 OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

*Support 

*Storage of minerals

*Blood cell production

*Protection

*Leverage

FLAT BONES

SUTURAL BONES

(Wormian Bones)

Irregular bones formed between cranial bones

(Number , size, shape vary)

LONG BONES

Relatively long and slender

Ex: Various bones of the limbs

IRREGULAR BONES

Complex shapes

Ex:Vertebrae, bones of the pelvis, facial bones

SESAMOID BONES

Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like a sesame seed

(Develop in tendons of knees, hand, and feet)

SHORT BONES

Small and boxy

Ex: bones of the wrist(carpals) and ankles(tarsals)

OSTEOCYTES

Mature bone cells that cannot divide

OSTEOBLASTS

Produce new bony matrix

OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS

Stem cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

OSTEOCLASTS

Remove and remodel bone matrix

PERFORATING FIBERS

Strongly connects tendons, ligaments, joint capsules to the bone through periosteum

2 LAYERS OF PERIOSTEUM

1. Fibrous outer layer

2. Cellular inner layer

EXAMPLES OF DERMAL BONES

Roofing bones of the skull

Lower jaw

Collar bone

Sesamoid bones such as the patella

Gigantism

Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty

Acromegaly

Anterior pituitary gland prduces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty.

Marfan syndrome

Syndrome where people have long, slender limbs and are very tall due to excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal cartilages.

Anchondrplasia

As a result of this syndrome, individuals develop short, stocky limbs, but the trunk is normal size.

Calcitionin

C Cells of the thyroid gland secrete...

Closed or Simple Fractures

Internal fractures are called

Open or compound fractures 

Fractures projected through the skin are called

Pott Fracture

this fracture occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the legs

Tranverse fractures

Fracture of the ulna, breaks a bone shaft across its long axis

Colles fracture

A break in the distal portion of the radius

Fracture hematoma

Large blot clot after several hours develops called a