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| The substances that participates in a reaction are called ___, whereas the substances that forma s a result of a reaction are ____ |
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| The reactants of an enzymatic reactions are called ____ |
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| The reactants in the process of cellular respiration are: |
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| What are the components of an ATP molecule? |
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Definition
| 3 phosphate groups, adenine, and ribose |
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Term
| What are the reactants in a photosynthetic reaction? |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight |
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Term
| The molecule that provides the energy to drive endergonic reactions in the body is abbreviated ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of energy that is needed to induce a chemical reaction between molecules is called: |
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| A ____ is an RNA molecule that can catalyze chemical reactions. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The amount of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred. |
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Term
| What can decrease the rate of an enzymatic reaction by changing the shape of an enzymes active site? |
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Definition
| Temperature, heat, and noncompetitive inhibitors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy is released as chemical bonds are broken. |
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Definition
| Energy is consumed as chemical bonds are formed. |
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Term
| A nonprotein, organic molecule that binds to an enzyme’s active site, allowing the enzyme to function is called a: |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ use energy from the sun to store energy in carbohydrates. |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic organisms and producers |
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Term
| An enzyme inhibitor is called a ____ inhibitor if it binds to the enzyme’s active site and is called a ___ inhibitor if it binds to an allosteric site. |
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Definition
| Competitive; noncompetitive |
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Term
| The presence of a particular ____ determines which metabolic pathway is being utilized and which product is produced. |
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Definition
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Term
| A person walking exemplifies what types of energy being used? |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ is a series of linked chemical reactions catalyzed by a specific enzyme for each reaction. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy. |
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Term
| Molecules called ___ are required in our diet and function in the synthesis of coenzymes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the forms of energy exemplified by storing carbohydrates, proteins and fats? |
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Definition
| Chemical energy, potential energy |
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Term
| Energy is made available for ATP synthesis as ____ ions move down their electrochemical gradient. |
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Definition
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Term
| While ____ is defined as the loss of electrons, ___ is the gain of electrons. |
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Definition
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Term
| What model describes how an enzyme is induced to undergo a slight alteration to achieve optimum fit with its substrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| During cellular respiration, NAD+ accepts electrons during cellular respiration and ultimately transfers them to the ___ where energy for the production of ___ is harvested. |
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Definition
| Electron transport chain, ATP |
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Term
| A ___ may increase the rate of an enzymatic reaction by helping a substrate bind to an active site. |
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Definition
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Term
| During cellular respiration, glucose loses electrons and hydrogen atoms and becomes ___ while oxygen gains electrons and hydrogen atoms and becomes ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| A site on an enzyme where a non-competitive inhibitor can bind that is separate from the active site is called the ____ site |
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Definition
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Term
| The production of ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The electron transport chain that functions during cellular respiration is found within the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that are called the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| A reaction will occur spontaneously if free energy is ____ |
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Definition
| Negative (Note: this is due to energy always moving from negative to positive charges) |
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Term
| Each reaction in a metabolic pathway is catalyzied by an: |
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Definition
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Term
| A vitamin becomes a part of the structure of a ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| During the process of photosynthesis when glucose is formed, electrons (and protons) are transferred from water to carbon dioxide, thus, water has been ____ and carbon dioxide has been ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Reactions which require an input of energy ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the reaction A + B --> C + D, the reactant(s) is/are ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bring together specific molecules and causes them to react with each other |
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Term
| The coenzyme ____ accepts electrons, and is therefore reduced, during cellular respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| During cellular respiration, glucose loses electrons and hydrogen ions and is therefore _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The speed of a reaction that involves an enzyme increases as ______. |
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Definition
| substrate concentration increases |
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Term
| RNA molecules that serve as biological catalysts are: |
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Definition
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Term
| In competitive inhibition: |
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Definition
| the substrate and the an inhibitor compete for the active site. |
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Term
| All catalysts are enzymes. |
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Definition
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Definition
| interacting with the substrate at a key portion of the enzyme called the active site |
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Term
| The process of photosynthesis includes the synthesis of large molecules of glucose from smaller molecules of carbon dioxide. This is an example of: |
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