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Definition
| a positive or negative or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea |
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Term
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Definition
| a multiple item questionaire designed to measure a person's attitude toward some object |
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Term
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Definition
| developed by Rensis Likert 1932, respondents give multiple statements about their attitudes toward an object and rate their extent to which they agree with statements. |
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Definition
| participants brain waves reacted differently to stimuli which depicted items they did not like |
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Term
| Implicit Association Test |
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Definition
a covert measure of unconscious attitudes derived from the speed at which people respond to pairings of concepts such as black/ white good/bad
( critics believe the IAT is not a perfect predictor citing a need for more behavioral evidence) |
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Definition
| meta analysis shows implicit attitudes are less predictive of behavior than explicit attitudes |
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Definition
| research on identical twins shows that attitudes might be genetic |
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Definition
| the process by which we form an attitude towards a neutral stimulus because of its association with a positive or negative object |
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Definition
| first to show that behavior and attitudes don;t go hand in hand |
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Definition
| similarity between attitude measures and behavior |
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Term
| Theory of planned behavior |
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Definition
| the theory that attitudes toward a specific behavior combine with subjective norms and perceived control to influence a person's actions ( more influenced by attitudes towards specific behavior, subjective norms,and percieved control) |
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Term
| 3 factors that distinguish our strongest and weakest attitudes |
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Definition
1. directly affect a person's self interest
2. Related to deeply help philisophical, political, and religious values
3. they are of concern to their close friends, family, and social groups, |
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Term
| factors which indicate the strength of an attitude and link it to behavior |
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Definition
1.people tend to behave in a way consistent to their attitudes
2.direct personal experience > second hand information
3. attitudes become stronger when we defend them from an attack
4. must be highly accessible ( easily brought to mind) |
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Term
| Central Route of PErsuasion |
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Definition
| the process by which a person thinks carefully about a communication. This is influenced by the strength of its arguements |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a person uses superficial cues and heuristics to analyze an argument |
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Term
| Esteem an Intelligence have opposite effects on persuasion |
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Definition
| a smart person will learn a message but high self esteem will make them less likely to change. A dub person will not learn a message but they will be more willing to accept change |
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Term
| Attitude embodiement effects |
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Definition
| attitudes can be influenced by the position or orientation or movement of our bodies |
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Term
| What determines which route we select |
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Definition
| our ability and motivation. We analyze the source, the message, and the target audience |
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Term
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Definition
| we tend to not trust those who have something to gain from persuading us. Impressed by people who take unpopular stands or argue against their interests |
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Term
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Definition
| a delayed increase in the persuasive impact of a non credible source. After a long enough time what matters is not the source but the message we receive. |
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| Discounting cue hypothesis |
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Definition
| people discount the argument made by non credible communicators but disassociate what was said from it. |
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Term
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Definition
| if two points are presented and the participants don't respond for a long period of time, primacy wins. If two points are presented but there is a week in between them and participants chose after the 2nd then recency wins. |
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Term
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Definition
| a personality variable that distinguishes people on the basis of how much they enjoy effortful cognitive activities. |
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Term
| Self monitoring and persuasion |
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Definition
| high self monitors respond highly to messages of persuasion that indicate desireable social image |
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Term
| Kimberly and Cameron 2003 how people maintain their attitudes |
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Definition
1.attitude bolstering ( think about reasons why you support the attitude and it fits with you)
2.counter arguing
3. Social validation ( looking for others with the same opinion for guidance)
4.negative affect ( respond aggressively and be unwilling to change)
5. Assertions of confidence ( strong belief in perserverence of the attitude)
6.social exposure ( ignoring claims which might change attitudes)
7. Social derogation ( attack the communicator) |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive arguement increases later resistance to that arguement |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatend freedom as more active |
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Term
| Insufficient justification |
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Definition
| a condition in which people freely perform an attitude discrepant behavior without recieving a large reward |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desireable activity even when only a mild punishment is threatened |
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Term
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Definition
| the more effort we put into achieving something, the more we value it, or convince ourselves we do, even if we don't. Aronson & Mills 1959 |
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Term
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Definition
| Fritz Heider 1946. Our lives are webs of relationships, we like to maintain a balance within them |
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Term
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Definition
| we infer our attitudes from our behavior. |
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Term
| System Justification Theory |
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Definition
| people are motivated to maintain positive attitudes towards political and social status quo. |
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