Term
|
Definition
| totality of an organism's chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a specific molecule is altered ina series of defined steps, resulting in a product
(each step of the pathway is catalyzed by a specific enzyme) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rele3ase of energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds
(breakdown pathways)
ex: cellular respiration-sugar glucose and other organic fuels are broken down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
ex: synthesis of an animino acid from simpler molecules, or synthesis of a protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of how energy flows through living organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the capacity to cause change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy associated with teh relative motion of objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules; thermal energy in transfer from one objet to another is called heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an object not presently moving but is possesses because of matter's certain location or structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
potential energy availible for release ina chemcial reaction
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the energy ttransformations that occur in a collection of mattter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unable to exchange either energy or matter with its surroundings
(such as that approximated by liquid in a thermos bottle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
energy and matter can be transferred between teh system and its surroundings
(organisms are open systems)
they absorb and release energy |
|
|
Term
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
(Principle of conservation of enegy) |
|
|
Term
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
The more randomly arranged a collection of matter is, the greater its entropy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a measure of disorder, or randomness
the more randomly arranged a collection of matter is, the greater its entropy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a process that can occur without an input of energy
energetically favorable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process that cannot occur on its own, will only occur if energy is added to the system |
|
|
Term
| Another way to state the 2nd Law |
|
Definition
| For a process to occur spontaneously, it must increase the entropy of the universe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1878, J. Willard Gibbs, a professor at Yale- Gibbs free energy of a system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell. |
|
|
Term
| Only reactions with a ____ Delta G can occur with no input of energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a reaction to have a negative Delta G, the system must _____ free energy during the change from initial state to final state. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unstable systems = higher or lower delta G |
|
Definition
higher G
tend to change in such a way that they become more stable |
|
|
Term
| Stable Systems = higher or lower delta G |
|
Definition
lower G
unstable systems tend to change so they become more stable |
|
|
