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Chapter 6
Growing and Developing
33
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/11/2013

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Term
Development
Definition
Physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout human life, which are guided by both genetic predispositions (nature) and by environmental influences (nurture).
Term
Order of development from conception to birth
Definition
Zygote>Embryo>Fetus
Term
Amniotic Sac
Definition
Fluid filled cushion
Term
Placenta
Definition
Nutrients passed between mother and embryo
Term
Umbilical Cord
Definition
Embryo attaches to placenta
Term
Teratogens
Definition
Harmful toxins that affect contraception and growth. Miscarriage occurs in about 45% of pregnancies.
Term
Rooting Reflex
Definition
Stimulation on the cheek causes the baby to turn and open it's mouth
Term
Grasping Reflex
Definition
The baby grasps the object pressed into palm
Term
Moro Reflex
Definition
A sudden drop in height causes the baby to extend arms and legs quickly and then bring them in to grasp something
Term
Blink Reflex
Definition
Both eyes close when presented with too much stimulation (bright light, fan, skin stimulation)
Term
Assimilation
Definition
Using already developed schemas to understand new information
Term
Accommodation
Definition
Learning new information and changing the schema
Term
Sensory Motor
Definition
Birth-2. Interact with environment through our senses
Term
Object permanence
Definition
Knowing an object is there with out being able to see it
Term
Preoperational
Definition
2-7. Theory of mind - ability to take someone elses viewpoint.
Term
Concrete Operational
Definition
7-11. Conservation - changes in the form do not always mean changes in the quantity.
Term
Formal Operational
Definition
11+ Abstract Thinking - plan, manage, and complete difficult tasks.
Term
Attachement Styles
Definition
Secure - upset when mom leaves and happy when returns.
Ambivalent - upset when mom leaves and ambivalent when mom returns.
Avoidant - Little emotion when mom leaves or returns.
Disorganized - no consistent emotions when mom leaves or returns
Term
Emerging Adulthood
Definition
18 until mid 20s. Take on some adult responsibilities but not completely dependent.
Term
Puberty triggered in males
Definition
Testosterone
Term
Puberty triggered in females
Definition
Estrogen
Term
Primary Sex Characteristics
Definition
Organs responsible for reproduction
Term
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Definition
Different physical features between the two sexes that are not responsible for reproduction.
Term
Lobe slow to mature in adolescents
Definition
Prefrontal cortex (impulsive)
Term
Imaginary Audience
Definition
Feeling like everyone is watching you 24/7
Term
Stages of Moral Development
Definition
Preconventional - avoid punishments and seek reward

Conventional - Importance of obeying rules and living up to social norms

Postconvenvional - Abstract reasoning to justify our behavior
Term
Menopause
Definition
Menstrual cycles end around age 50. Decrease in estrogen and progesterone.
Term
Social Clock
Definition
Time that major life events happen (middle adulthood)
Term
Crystalized Intelligence
Definition
Accumulated knowledge about the world (late adulthood)
Term
Fluid Intelligence
Definition
Ability to think acquire information quickly and abstractly
Term
Dementia
Definition
Neurological disease that results in loss of cognitive abilities
Term
Alzheimer's Disease
Definition
Form of dementia; loss of emotion, cognitions, and functioning
Term
Kubler-Ross' stages of grief
Definition
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
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