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Definition
| release of energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. |
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Definition
| consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler molecules. |
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Definition
| study how organisms manage their resources. |
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| study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. |
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| first law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| The energy of the universe is constant. (energy can be transferred and transformed, but it can neither be created nor destroyed.)a.k.a. conservation of energy. |
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| second law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| every energy transfer or transformation makes the universe more disordered. |
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| energy available for work. |
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Definition
proceeds with a net release of free energy
(G is negative)
(delta G = delta H - T delta S) |
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Definition
absorbs free energy from its surroundings. (G is positive)
(delta G = delta H - T delta S) |
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Definition
| use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic process. |
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| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
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Definition
| immediate source of energy that powers cellular work. |
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Term
| phosphorylated intermediate |
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Definition
| receives a phosphate group and becomes more reactive (less stable) than the original molecule. |
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Definition
| chemical agents that change the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |
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Definition
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| free energy of activation/activation energy |
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Definition
| initial investment of energy for starting reaction (energy required to break bonds in the reactant molecules) usually provided in the form of heat that the reactant molecules absorb form the surroundings. |
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Definition
| reactant an enzyme acts on. |
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Term
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Definition
| restricted region of the enzyme molecule that actually binds to the substrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the substrate binds with the enzyme. it induces the enzyme to change its shape slightly so that the active site fits even more snugly around the substrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| nonprotein helpers that may be bound tightly to the active site as permanant residents or bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate. |
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Definition
| name of the cofacter if it is an organic molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| mimics of substrate that reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking the substrate from entering the active sites. (reversible by increasing concentration of substrate) |
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Term
| noncompetitive inhibitors |
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Definition
| binds to another part of the enzyme which causes the enzyme molecule to change its shape, making the enzyme unreceptive to substrate. |
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Definition
| specific receptor site on some part of the enzyme molecule remote from the active site. |
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Definition
| switching off of a metabolic pathway by its end-product (which acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within the pathway) |
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Term
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Definition
| if one substrate binds to an enzyme molecule, then the whole enzyme is activated. |
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