Term
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Definition
| The transmission of information from one side of a membrane to the other using membrane proteins |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleotide that participates in the transfer of signals between the external environment and the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane proteins that couple membrane receptors to ion channels or membrane enzymes |
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Term
| G protein-coupled adenylyl cyclase-Camp sytem |
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Definition
- Signal Molecule binds to the g proteing-linked receptor, which activates the G protein
- G protein turns on adelynyl cyclase, an amplifier enzyme
- Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP
- cAMP activates protein kinase a
- protein kinase phosphorylates other proteins making a response in the system
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Term
| Signal Transduction: Tyrosine Kinase |
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Definition
- ligand binding
- conformational change in receptor
- Tyrosine Kinase activation
- phosphorylate proteins
- change in cellular responses
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Term
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Definition
- Signal protein activates receptor and G protein
- G protein activates phospholipase C, an amplifier protein
- PL-C (phospholipase c) converts phospholipids into diacylglycerol (DAG) which remains in the membrane and IP3 which diffuses into the cytoplasm
- DAG activates protein kinase C which activates protein kinase
- IP3 causes a release of Ca++ from organelles, creating a Ca++ signal
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Term
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Definition
| the simplest and fastest receptors are ligand gated ion channels and create a rapid response |
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Term
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Definition
| a decrease in cell receptor number, physically removing receptors from the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| quicker way of regulating the signal response by binding a chemical modulator to the receptor protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Inserting more receptors into the cell membrane to increase response |
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Term
| Terminating Cell Pathways |
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Definition
removing chemical signal
extracellular protein degraded by enzymes
transporting the signal to other cells
endocytosis fo the receptor ligand complex |
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Term
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Definition
- Stimulus
- Sensor or Receptor
- Afferent Pathway
- Integratin Center
- Efferent Pathway
- Target or Effector
- Response
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Term
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Definition
They are homeostatic
they keep the system at or near a setpoint so that the variable being regulated is relatively stable
Turns the loop off
Opposes/Removes the Stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
Not Homeostatic
The response reinforces the stimulus |
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