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| _____ _____2010 is the latest document and serves as a road map for improving the health of all people in the United States for the first decade of the twenty-first century |
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| The World Health Organization (WHO) defines ______ as a “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” |
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| Health is a state of being that people define in relation to their own _____, _____, and ______. Each person has a personal concept of health |
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| values, personality, lifestyle |
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| osenstoch's (1974) and Becker and Maiman's (1975) ____ _____ model (Figure 6-1) addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. It provides a way of understanding and predicting how clients will behave in relation to their health and how they will comply with health care therapies. |
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| _____ _____ _____ are elements that are necessary for human survival and health (e.g., food, water, safety, and love). |
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| ______'s hierarchy of needs is a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs |
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| physiological needs examples |
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| oxygen, fluids, nutrition, body temp, elimination, shelter, sex |
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| safety and security needs examples |
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| physical and psychological saftey |
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| which is more important on maslow's scale. Self esteem or self actualization |
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| whats more important according to maslow? love or sex? |
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| name the steps in maslow's hierarchy |
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from base to apex:
physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization. |
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| The ______ health model of nursing attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health. In this model, nurses using the nursing process consider clients the ultimate experts regarding their own health and respect clients' subjective experience as relevant in maintah or assisting in healingining healt |
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| Nurses using the______ ______ model recognize the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions, such as music therapy, reminiscence, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch, and guided imagery, because they are effective, economical, noninvasive, nonpharmacological complements to traditional medical care |
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| _______ variables include a person's developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors. |
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| Knowledge of the stages of _____ and _____ helps the nurse predict the client's response to the present illness or the threat of future illness. The nurse then adapts the planning of nursing care to these expectations, as well as to the client's abilities to participate in self-care. |
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| A person's beliefs about health are shaped in part by the person's knowledge, lack of knowledge, or incorrect information about body functions and illnesses, educational background, and past experiences. This is what kind of background |
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| The client's degree of stress, depression, or fear, for example, can influence health beliefs and practices. This is called _____ ____. |
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| ____ _____ influences beliefs, values, and customs. It influences the approach to the health care system, personal health practices, and the nurse-client relationship. |
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| ____ _____ activities, such as routine exercise and good nutrition, help clients maintain or enhance their present levels of health. |
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| _____ education teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way and includes topics such as physical awareness, stress management, and self-responsibility. |
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| ____ ____ activities such as immunization programs protect clients from actual or potential threats to health. |
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| Nurses emphasize health promotion, wellness-enhancing strategies, and illness prevention activities as important forms of health care because they assist clients in _____ and _____ health. |
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| maintaining and improving |
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| individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves. The fluoridation of municipal drinking water and the fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D are examples of ____ ____ promotion strategies |
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| With _____ ___ of health promotion individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs. Weight reduction and smoking cessation programs require clients to be actively involved in measures to improve their present and future levels of wellness. |
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| _____ _____is true prevention; it precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to clients considered physically and emotionally healthy. aimed at health promotion includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities |
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| ______ _____ focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention, thereby reducing severity and enabling the client to return to a normal level of health as early as possible |
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| _____ _____ occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration |
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| A ____ ____ is any situation, habit, social or environmental condition, physiological or psychological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, or spiritual or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident. |
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_______ is a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with previous experience.
It is not synonymous with disease. |
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| ____ ____usually has a short duration and is severe. The symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and often subside after a relatively short period. |
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| a ____ ____ persists, usually longer than 6 months, and can also affect functioning in any dimension. |
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1. Abby Smith is a parish nurse for her Catholic church. The first Sunday of every month she has a free blood pressure screening. She is providing what level of prevention?
1. Tertiary prevention
2. Primary prevention
3. Secondary prevention
4. Quaternary prevention |
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2. Mr. Jones is 72 years old and was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5 years ago. For the last 2 years, he has been participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation exercise class offered by the local hospital at a fitness facility. This is what level of prevention?
1. Tertiary prevention
2. Primary prevention
3. Secondary prevention
4. Quaternary prevention |
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3. Based on the transtheoretical model of change, what is the most appropriate response to a client, Ms. Johnson, who states: “Me, exercise? I haven't done that since junior high gym class, and I hated it then!”
1. “That's fine. Exercise is bad for you anyway.”
2. “OK. I want you to walk 3 miles 4 times a week, and I'll see you in one month.”
3. “I understand. Can you think of one reason why being more active would be helpful for you?”
4. “I'd like you to ride your bike 3 times this week and eat at least four fruits and vegetables every day.” |
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4. The previous client, Ms. Johnson, returns to your clinic the next month and states: “I have noticed how many people are out walking in my neighborhood. Is walking good for you?” What is the best response to help Ms. Johnson through the stages of change for exercise?
1. “Walking is OK. I really think running is better.”
2. “Yes, walking is great exercise. Do you think you could go for a 5-minute walk this next week?”
3. “Yes, I want you to begin walking. Walk for 30 minutes every day, and start eating more fruits and vegetables, too.”
4. “They probably aren't walking fast enough or far enough. You need to spend at least 45 minutes if you are going to do any good.” |
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5. Mr. Brown has been laid off from his construction job and has many bills needing to be paid. He is going through a divorce from his marriage of 15 years and has been seeing his pastor to help him with this difficult time. He does not have a primary health care provider because he has never really been sick and his parents never took him to the physician when he was growing up. Which of the following are internal variables influencing Mr. Brown's health practices?
1. Difficulty paying his bills
2. Seeing his pastor as a means of support
3. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider
4. Increased stress in his life with the divorce and the loss of a job
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 3 and 4 |
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6. The previous client, Mr. Brown, is being seen in the clinic today with concerns regarding weight loss and a frequent burning sensation in his throat. Rob Miller is the nurse today. In his care of Mr. Brown, after Rob's initial assessment, he would tell the primary health care provider:
1. “Mr. Brown is fine. You'll be in and out in no time.”
2. “Mr. Brown is having gastroesophageal reflux and needs medication.”
3. “Mr. Brown is feeling sorry for himself because he is going through some tough times. I'm not sure there is much you can do for him.”
4. “I think Mr. Brown is struggling with his loss of income and his loss of his role as husband. It will be important to refer him for guidance with his losses.” |
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7. When taking care of clients, nurse Olson routinely asks clients if they take any vitamins or herbal medications. She encourages family members to bring in music that the client likes to help the client relax. She also frequently prays with her clients if that is important to them. Nurse Olson is using which model?
1. Holistic
2. Health belief
3. Transtheoretical
4. Health promotion |
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8. When illness does occur, different attitudes about illness cause people to react in different ways. Medical sociologists call the reaction to illness:
1. Health belief
2. Illness behavior
3. Health promotion
4. Illness prevention |
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9. The health belief model addresses the relationship between a person's belief and behaviors, thus:
1. A person who smokes does not practice the model
2. This model provides a basis for caring for clients of all ages
3. A person who does not take necessary medications does not practice the model
4. It provides a way of understanding and predicting how clients will behave in relation to their health and how they will comply with health care therapies |
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10. Karen Smith works in a special care unit in Denver, Colorado, for children with severe immunology problems. Today she is caring for a 3-year-old boy from Greece. The boy's father is with him, while his mother and sister are back in Greece. Karen is having difficulty communicating with the father. What should she do?
1. Care for the boy as she would any other client.
2. Ask the manager to talk with the father and keep him out of the unit.
3. Have another nurse care for the boy because maybe that nurse will do better with the father.
4. Search for help with interpretation and understanding of the cultural differences by contacting someone from the Greek community in Denver. |
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