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| A cultural anthropology of the human past focusing on material evidence of human modification of the physical enviornment |
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| All material objects constructed by humans or near-humans revealed by archaeology |
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a presice geographical location of the remains of past human activity |
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| Objects that have been deliberatly and intelligently shaped by human or near-human activity |
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| Nonportable remnants from the past, such as house ditches |
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| the study of the way present day societies ise artifacts and structures and how these objects become part of the archaeological record |
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| The physical examination of a geographical reigon in which promising sites are most likley to be found |
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| The systematic uncovering of archeological remains through removal of the deposits of soil and other material covering them and accompanying them |
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| Different ways that people in different societies go about meeting their basic material survival needs |
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| the characteristic form of social orginization found among foragers. Bands are small, usually no more than 50 people, and labour is divided ordinarily on the basis of age and sex. All adults in band societies have roughly equal access to whatever material or social valuables are locally available |
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| A society that is generally larger than a band, whose members ususally farm or herd for a living. Social relations in a tribe are still relativly egalitarian, although there may be a chief who speaks for the group or organizes certain group activities |
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| Special-purpose groupings that may be organized on the basis of sex, age, economic role, and personal intrest |
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| A form of social orginization in which a leader (the chief) and close relatives are set apart from the rest of society and allowed privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige |
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| a particular social position in a group |
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| A stratified society that possesses a territory that is defended from outside enemies with an army and from internal disorder with police. A state, which has a seperate set of governmental institutions designed to enforce laws and to collect taxes and tribute, is run by an elite that possesses a monopoly on the use of force |
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| A research approach that explores why women's contributions have been systimatically written out of the archaeological record and suggests new approaches to the human past that include such contributions |
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| the study of archarological sites associated with written records, frequently the study of post-European contact sites in the world |
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