Term
| direct broadcast satellite (DBS) |
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Definition
| satellite based services that for a monthly fee downlink hundreds of satellite channels and services; they began distributing video programming directly to households in 1994 |
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first small cable systems
- community antenna television |
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Term
| 2 Big Advantages of Cable |
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Definition
1. eliminated over the air interference due to each channel being routed and re-amplified in separate wire.
2. channel capacity was increased due to the running of signals through coaxial cable. |
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launched by AT&T.
- first communication satellite capable of receiving, amplifying and returning signals.
- was bale to relay telephone and occasional tv signals between the US and Europe |
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| orbit in space 22,300 miles about the earth where communication satellites traveling at about 6,800 miles per hour can maintain the same position (or "footprint") above the earth as the planet rotates on it's access. |
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| relay points on a satellite that perform the receive-and-transmit functions. |
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computerized nerve center that processes tv signals.
- operates various large satellite dishes that receive and process long-distance signals. |
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- Home Box Office
- first cable network to use satellites for regular transmission of TV programming |
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first established in 1965, required all cable operators to assign channels to and carry all local TV broadcasters on their systems.
- ensured that local network affiliates, independent stations (those not carrying network stations), and public television channels would benefit from cable's clearer reception. |
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Definition
| in cable television, a tier of nonbroadcast channels dedicated to local education, government and the public. |
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| 2 rules enacted by FCC in 1972 that had long term effects on cable's expansion |
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Definition
1. must carry rules
2. access channels |
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Definition
| in cable television, channels that allow citizens to buy time for producing programs or presenting their own view points |
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| a communication business, such as a broadcaster or a cable TV company, that is entitled to choose what channels or content to carry. |
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-FCC's argument to cable's desire for electronic publishing
- services that do not get involved in channel content. |
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| US Supreme Court upheld the rights of cable companies to dictate their content and defined the industry as a form of "electronic publishing" |
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| the money the cable company would pay the city annually for the right to operate the local cable system. |
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required that every three years commercial broadcasters opt for either must carry or retransmission consent.
- at the time, only low-rated independent stations on the fringes of a market opted for must-carry. |
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Definition
| broadcasters could not ask cable companies for fees to carry their channels. |
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Term
| Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
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Definition
-brought cable fully under the federal rules that had long governed the telephone, radio and TV industries.
- knocked down regulatory barriers, allowing regional phone companies, long distance carriers, and cable companies to enter one another's markets. |
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Definition
| digital cable television, broadband internet, and telephone service all bundled through the same household connection. |
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provided specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups.
- emerged in new cable era. |
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Definition
| system that incldues a 36-72 channel lineup composed of local broadcast signals, nonbroadcast access channels, one or more regional PBS stations and a variety of services retrieved from national communication satellites. |
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Definition
independent tv stations linked to a satellite
- part of basic cable. |
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| how cable companies earn revenue |
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Definition
- monthly subscriptions for basic service
- local ad sales
- pay-per-view programming
- premium movie channels |
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Definition
- battle with national cable services
- target audiences geographically
- nearly all located in metropolitan areas |
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Term
| 2 reasons why cable system capacities continued to increase |
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Definition
1. the rebuilding of cable systems with high-bandwidth fiber optic cable
2. the advent of digital cable services in the late 1990s, which have enabled cable companies to expand their offerings beyond the basic analog cable channels. |
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Term
| 2 monopoly tactics MTV used to ensure dominance |
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Definition
1. paid record companies for exclusive rights to the most popular music videos.
2. signed agreements with the major cable companies to ensure that it would become the music video network in all the main cable markets. |
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Term
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wide range of special channels and other services.
- ex) HBO, Showtime, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
a digital cable service that enabled customers to choose amount hundreds of titles, then download selection form the cable operator's server onto their cable TV box hard drive for one to four dollars and watch the movie the same way they would watch a video, pausing and fast forwarding when desired.
- iN Demand = largest provider |
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Term
| interactive/cable television |
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Definition
a type of cable service feature that, when equipped with two-way technology, enables users to send signals upstream or back to the headend.
- can connect households to their banks
- limiting factor = bandwidth. |
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premium audio service that is routed through a consumer's stereo equipment and provides 24 hr music channels uninterrupted by ads.
- Music Choice = first digital audio service |
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- digital technology is superior to standard cable and broadcast signals
- provides digital quality pictures and CD-quality sound.
- ability to offer sport packages that give subscribers nationwide access to all games of professional sports leagues. |
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Term
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Definition
- initial start up cost for consumers
- doesnt have the same ability as cable to bundle high-speed internet and phone service with their video programming.
- until 1999, did not carry local broadcast signals. |
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Term
| Multiple-System Operators (MSOs) |
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Definition
| a shrinking number of large corporations that each own many cable systems |
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