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Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Modern Chemistry : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston
28
Chemistry
11th Grade
03/23/2011

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Term
Chemical Bond
Definition
Mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
Results from the sharing of and electron pair between two atoms.
Term
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge.
Term
Polar
Definition
Have an uneven distribution of charge.
Term
Polar Covalent Bond
Definition
covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons.
Term
Molecule
Definition
Neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds.
Term
Molecular Compound
Definition
Chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules.
Term
Molecular Formula
Definition
Shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecular compound.
Term
Bond Energy
Definition
energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms
Term
Electron Dot Notation
Definition
An electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the elements symbol.
Term
Lewis Structures
Definition
Formulas in which the atomic sumbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols reprsent electron pairs in covalent bonds and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared.
Term
Structural Formula
Definition
Indicates the kind, number, arrangement and bonds, but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a molecule.
Term
Single Bond
Definition
A constant bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
Term
Multiple Bonds
Definition
Double and Triple Bonds
Term
Resonance
Definition
refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure.
Term
Ionic Compound
Definition
Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal.
Term
Formula Unit
Definition
Simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compounds formula can be established.
Term
Lattice Energy
Definition
energy released from one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions.
Term
Polyatomic Ion
Definition
Charged group of covalently bonded atoms.
Term
Metallic Bonding
Definition
Chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons.
Term
Malleability
Definition
Ability of substance to be hammered into sheets.
Term
Ductility
Definition
Ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce wire.
Term
VSEPR
Definition
states that repulsion between the sets of valence level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be orientated as far apart as possible.
Term
Hybridization
Definition
Mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid orbitals of equal energies.
Term
Hybrid Orbitals
Definition
Orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom.
Term
Dipole
Definition
Created by equal, but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance.
Term
Hydrogen Bonding
Definition
Intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons and an electronegative atom of a nearby molecule.
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