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chapter 6 vocabulary
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35
Biology
9th Grade
10/09/2007

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Term
Cell Theory
Definition
generalization that all living things are composed as cells and that they are the basic unit structure and function in living things.
Term
Micrograph
Definition
photograph of a view through a microscope
Term
Organelle
Definition
Cell with a specific job
Term
Plasma membrane
Definition
boundary of cell and regulates traffic of chemicals between cells and it's surroundings.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasm membrane
Term
Prokaryotic cell
Definition
lacks a nucleus and other organelle.
Term
eukaryotic cell
Definition
nucleus surrounding it's own membrane and internal organelles surrounding it's membrane.
Term
Phospholipid bilayer
Definition
surrounds the organelle or cell
Term
diffusion
Definition
net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they're less concentrated.
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
balance
Term
selectively permeable membrane
Definition
allows some substances to cross the membrane more easily than others and blocks passages of some passages
Term
Passive transport
Definition
diffusion across a membrane
Term
Facilitated diffusion
Definition
transports proteins provide a pathway for certain proteins allows passive transport of different substances
Term
Osmosis
Definition

passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Solution with a high concentration
Term
Isotonic
Definition
solutions in which the concentration of a solute are equal
Term
active transport
Definition
cell depends on energy to move molecules across a membrane
Term

Vesicles

Definition
small membranes sacs that specialize in moving products within a cell
Term
exocytosis
Definition
exporting protein products from a cell. A Vesicle contained proteins fuses with the plasma membrane and spills it's contents outside the cell.
Term
endocytosis
Definition
reverse process of exocytosis takes materials into the cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasm membrane
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
pairs of membranes surround the nucleus
Term
nucleolus
Definition
nucleus contains a ball like mass of fibers and glanules
Term
ribosomes
Definition
protein "assembly lines" in the cellular factory.
Term

Endoplasmic reticulum

Definition
in the cytoplasm of a cell is an extensive network of membranes
Term
Glogi Apparteus
Definition
Organelle that modifes, stores and routes proteins and other chemical products to their next destination.
Term
Vaculoes
Definition
Cytoplasm contains large, membrane bounded sacs
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Membrane sacs contain digestive enzymes that can break down suck macromolecules as proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Photosynthetic organelles found in some cells of plants and animals.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
where cellular respiration occurs
Term
ATP
Definition
main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Term
Microtubules
Definition
tubes of protein that give shape and organization to a cell
Term
microfilaments
Definition
solid, thin rods of protein enable the cell to move when protein subunits slide past one another.
Term
Flagella
Definition
Long, thin, whip like structures with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
Term
Cilia
Definition
generally shorter and more numerous than flagella.
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