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| The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer |
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| the rubbery membrane that stretches across the interior of the cochlea, in which the hair cells of the cochlea are embedded |
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| visual cues to depth or distance requiring two eyes |
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| lightness or luminance; the dimension of visual experience related to the amount (intensity)of light emitted from or reflected by an object |
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| a snail-shaped, fluid-filled organ in the inner ear, containing the organ of Corti, where the receptors for hearing are located |
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| visual receptors involved in color vision |
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| the turning inward of the eyes, which occurs when they focus on a nearby object |
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| a crucial window of time during which certain experiences must be had or perception will be impaired |
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| a process by which visual receptors become maximally sensitive to dim light |
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| the smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared; also called just noticeable difference (jnd) |
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| Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies |
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| the principle that difference sensory modalities exist because signals received by the sense organs stimulate different nerve pathways leading to different arenas of the brain |
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| cells in the visual cortex that are sensitive to specific features of the environment |
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| the item of interest that stands out from the rest of the environment |
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| how rapidly the air (or other medium) vibrates-that is, the number of times per second the wave cycles through a peak and a low point |
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| neurons in the retina of the eye, which gather information from receptor cells (by way of intermediate bipolar cells); their axons make up the optic nerve |
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| Gate-Control Theory of Pain |
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| the theory that the experience of pain depends in part on whether pain impulses get past a neurological "gate" in the spinal cord and thus reach the brain |
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| the environment or background |
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| the dimension of visual experience specified by color names and related to the wavelength of light |
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| failure to consciously perceive something you are looking at because you are not attending to it |
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| the sense of body position and movement of body parts |
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| the dimension of auditory experience related to the intensity of a pressure wave |
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| visual cues to depth or distance that can be used by one eye alone |
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| a theory of color perception that assumes that the visual system treats pairs of colors as opposing or antagonistic |
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| a structure in the cochlea containing hair cells that serve as the receptors for hearing |
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| knob like elevations on the tongue, containing the taste buds |
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| the study of purported psychic phenomena such as ESP and mental telepathy |
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| the process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information |
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| the accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns they produce |
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| a habitual way of perceiving, based on expectations |
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| the experience of pain in a missing limb or other body part |
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| the dimension of auditory experience related to the frequency of a pressure wave; the height or depth of a tone |
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| a method used to measure unconscious cognitive processes, in which a person is exposed to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects behavior or performance on another task or in another situation |
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| the field concerned with how the physical properties of stimuli are related to our psychological experience of them |
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| neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball's interior, which contains the receptors for vision |
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| the slight difference in lateral separation between two objects as seen by the left eye and the right eye |
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| visual receptors that respond to dim light |
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| vividness or purity of color; the dimension of visual experience related to the complexity of light waves |
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| the focusing of attention on selected aspects of the environment and the blocking out of others |
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| sense organs in the inner ear that contribute to equilibrium by responding to rotation of head |
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| the detection physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects; it occurs when energy in the external environment or the body stimulates receptors in the sense organs |
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| specialized cells that convert physical energy in the environment or the body to electrical energy that can be transmitted as nerve impulses in the brain |
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| the reduction or disappearance of sensory responsiveness when stimulation is unchanging or repetitious |
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| the absence of normal levels of sensory stimulation |
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| a psychophysical theory that divides the detection of a sensory signal into a sensory process and a decision process |
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| a condition in which stimulation of one sense also evokes another |
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| nests of taste-receptor cells |
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| the distinguishing quality of a sound; the dimension of auditory experience related to the complexity of a pressure wave |
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| a theory of color perception that proposes three mechanisms in the visual system, each sensitive to a certain range of wavelengths; their interaction is assumed to produce all the different experience of hue |
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