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Binary Fission

The process by which bacteria reproduce

What is the shape of the Chromosome of a bacterium?

Circular

Centromere

The point at which two chomatids are attached to each other in a chromosome.

Chromatids

Joined strands of duplicated genetic material

The chromosomes in you body exists in ____(how many) pairs in all cells but ______(which kind of cells), each contain thousands of genes and form ________(when?)

23

gametes

right before cells divide

Why does DNA become more compact by wrapping tightly around associated proteins?

In order to fit within a cell

extended

Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which sex chromosome combinations?

XY

Homologous Chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for the same traits.

The X and Y chromosomes are called the ___________?

Sex chromosomes

How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?

16

How many diploid chromosomes are in  a human skin cell?

46

How many choromosomes are in a human ovum?

23

Tell me 3 things about a "diploid cell"

1.  
   1. Has two homologues of each chromosome
   2. Is designated by the symbol 2n
   3. Has chromosomes found in pairs

What happends when nondisjunction occurs?

A gamete will receive too many or to few homologues of a chromosomes

Define "Translocation"

A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosomes and beoming attached to a non-homologous chromosome

What can you study to learn about the number and structure of the chomosomes in a SOMATIC cell?

A Karyotype

What is the stage of the cell cycles that occupies most of the cells life?

G₁

G₁ à S à G₂ à M à C

Correct sequence of the cell cycle

What happens to cells that are not dividing?

They stay in the first growth phase

What is the synthesis (S) phase characterized by?

DNA replication

The process by which the nucleus is divided into two nuclei

Mitosis

The first three phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as ________?

Interphase

What happends at the  DNA synthesis (G₂) checkpoint?

DNA replication is checked by repair enzymes

What happens when cells pass through checkpoints?

The cell cycle is montored.

Where is the cell cycled controlled by proteins?

In eukaryotes

How are cancer cells devloped?

When normal cells lose their regulation of cell growth and division, and do not respond normally to control mechanisms, and cells continue to divide without passing through G₁

A spindle fiber is?

A specialized form of microtubule

The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of a cell is called __________?

Metaphase

As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis, receive _________?

an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the parent cell

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This cell is in which phase?

ANAPHASE

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In plant cells, ____________involvs the formation of a cell plate.

Cytokinesis