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Definition
| a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together |
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Definition
| the chemical bond resulting from electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions |
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Definition
| a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms |
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Definition
| a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balance of electrical charge |
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Definition
| having an uneven distribution of charge |
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Definition
| a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons |
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Definition
| a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds |
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Definition
| a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| a formula that indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compund by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts |
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Definition
| a formula showing the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound |
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Definition
| a molecule containing only two atoms |
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Definition
| the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level |
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Term
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Definition
| an electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element's symbol |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom |
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Term
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Definition
| a formula in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| a formula that indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared electron pairs of the atoms in a molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| a covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| a covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| a covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal |
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Term
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Definition
| the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound's formula can be established |
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Definition
| the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions |
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Definition
| a charged group of covalently bonded atoms |
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Definition
| chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets |
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Definition
| the ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire |
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Term
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Definition
| the uneven distribution of molecular charge |
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Term
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Definition
| repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to oriented as far apart as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| the mixing of two or more atomic oribitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies |
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Term
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Definition
| orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom |
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Term
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Definition
| the force of attraction between molecules |
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Definition
| equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance |
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Term
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Definition
| a force of attraction between polar molecules |
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Definition
| the intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| an intermolecular attraction resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles |
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