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Chapter 6 & 7
Sensation & Perception/Learning
44
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/08/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
pitch
Definition
psychological characteristic of a sound that is determined by its frequency
Term
inner ear
Definition
part of the ear in which sounds are converted to nerve impulses
Term
basilar
Definition
ear's membrane that is lined with hair cells
Term
psychophysics
Definition
study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them
Term
closure
Definition
grouping principle that we fill in gaps in visual stimuli to create a complete, whole image
Term
hue
Definition
psychological characteristic of light that is determined by wavelength
Term
cones
Definition
receptors that enable color vision
Term
parallel
Definition
information processing in which several aspects of a problem are processed simultaneously
Term
absolute threshold
Definition
minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time
Term
JND (Just Noticeable Difference)
Definition
difference threshold
Term
cochlea
Definition
snail-like structure of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing
Term
retinal disparity
Definition
binocular cue for perceiving depth
Term
intensity
Definition
number of complete wavelengths that pass a given point in a given time
Term
retina
Definition
part of the eye that contains the rods and cones
Term
linear perspective
Definition
monocular cue for perceiving distance that involves the convergence of parallel lines
Term
parapsychology
Definition
study of ESP
Term
interposition
Definition
monocular depth cue in which we perceive an object that partially blocks our view of another object as closer
Term
kinesthesis
Definition
sense of the position and movement of the parts of the body
Term
connectedness
Definition
grouping principle by which we perceive uniform and linked spots, lines , or areas as a single unit
Term
figure-ground relationship
Definition
organization of the visual field into two parts
Term
rods
Definition
visual receptors that are concentrated in the periphery of the retina
Term
respondant
Definition
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus
Term
learning
Definition
relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
Term
negative
Definition
reinforcer that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response
Term
unconditioned
Definition
type of stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response
Term
unconditioned response (UR)
Definition
unlearned, involuntary response
Term
prosocial
Definition
type of behavior that is positive and helpful
Term
operant
Definition
behavior that produces reinforcing or punishing stimuli
Term
shaping
Definition
procedure that involves reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior
Term
conditioned response (CR)
Definition
learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Term
latent
Definition
learning hat occurs in the absence of reinforcement but only becomes apparent when an incentive is introduced
Term
partial
Definition
type of reinforcement in which responding intermittently reinforced
Term
fixed interval
Definition
schedule in which the first response following a set of period of time is reinforced
Term
generalization
Definition
tendency for stimuli similar to the original CS to evoke a CR
Term
extinction
Definition
occurs when a response is no longer reinforced
Term
cognitive map
Definition
mental picture of the environment
Term
discrimination
Definition
responding differently to stimuli that signal whether a behavior will be reinforced
Term
observational
Definition
learning that involves watching and imitating others
Term
unconditioned stimulus (US)
Definition
stimulus that automatically triggers an unconditioned response
Term
punishment
Definition
presentation of an aversive stimulus, which decreases the behavior it follows
Term
classical
Definition
type of learning also called Pavlovian conditioning
Term
modeling
Definition
process of watching and then imitating a behavior
Term
conditioned stimulus (CS)
Definition
originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response
Term
neutral stimulus (NS)
Definition
stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
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