Term
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Definition
| a hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs. The pump that maintains the flow of blood throughout the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pericardial Sac; the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| the middle and thickest of the heart's three layers |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of epithelial tissue, the inner lining of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| the two upper chambers of the heart; divided by interatrial septum |
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Term
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Definition
| the two lower chambers of the heart; divided by the interventricular septum |
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Term
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Definition
| the two lower chambers of the heart; divided by the interventricular septum |
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Term
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Definition
| controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Term
| Pulmonary Semilunar Valve |
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Definition
| located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| located between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry oxygenated blood from lungs into the left atrium of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body; the contraction and relaxation of the must occur in exactly the correct sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| SA node; located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| AV Node; impulses from SA node also travel here then the AV node transmits them to the bundle of his |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. Carries an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of ventricles. relay the electrical impulses to the cells of ventricles and causes the ventricles to contract. |
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Term
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Definition
| large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body. Can expand and contract with the pumping of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest blood vessel in the body. begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system |
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Term
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Definition
| the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head |
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Term
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Definition
| the smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| only one epithelial cell in thickness, are the smallest blood vessels in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| form a low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest veins that join together to form the larger veins |
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Term
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Definition
| the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the ventricles contract, the highest pressure against the walls of an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure exerted against the walls of an artery |
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Term
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Definition
| a straw colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products. 91% water, 9% consists mainly of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed |
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Term
| Fibrinogen and Prothrombin |
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Definition
| the clotting proteins found in plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| formed in red bone marrow; most common type of WBC (White Blood Cell). Performs Phagocytosis, the act of surrounding and swallowing, to destroy pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| formed in red bone marrow; least common type of WBC; responsible for the symptoms related to allergies |
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Term
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Definition
| formed in red bone marrow; they destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| formed in red bone marrow, in lymph nodes, and in the spleen; they identify foreign substance and germs in the body then create antibodies to specifically target them |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. perform phagocytosis to destroy many infectious organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Platelets; the smallest formed elements of the blood. play and important role in clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| classified according to the presence or absence of certain antigens. four major blood types are A,AB,B, and O. |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance that the body regards as being foreign |
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Term
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Definition
| defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of the blood; major blood gases are O2, CO2, and N2 |
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Term
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Definition
| a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a physician who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth |
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Term
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Definition
| atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal hardening or narrowing of the arteries caused by the buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to a restricted blood flow to a part of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| heart attack; the occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by a plaque buildup |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs most commonly in the elderly; this chronic condition causes the heart to not be able to pump out all of the blood that it recieves |
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Term
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Definition
| a abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or a neighboring large blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat; can be fatal or very minor |
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Term
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Definition
| complete lack of electrical activity of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when Cardiac arrest is not treated within a few minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| a pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a rapid and uncontrolled heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
| A-fib; occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall. |
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Term
| Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia |
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Definition
| PSVT; a episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium or in the AV node |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to sudden occurence |
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Term
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Definition
| V-fib; consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles. Instead of pumping strongly, the heart muscle quivers ineffectively |
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Term
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Definition
| V-tach, a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| giant cell arteritis; a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| the flow of blood through the vessels of an organ |
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Term
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Definition
| a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery |
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Term
| Chronic Venous Insufficiency |
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Definition
| a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or to the leakage of venous valves; primarily affects the feet and ankles |
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Term
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Definition
| "Very-Close" Veins; abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs |
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Term
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Definition
| the abnormal condition of having a thrombus |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein |
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Term
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Definition
| the blocking of an artery by a thrombus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep Venous Thrombosis; the condition of having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein |
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Term
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Definition
| the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus |
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Term
| Peripheral Vascular Diseases |
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Definition
| disorders of blood vessels that are located outside of the heart and brain |
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Term
| Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease |
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Definition
| an example of a peripheral vascular disease that is caused by athersclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress |
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Term
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Definition
| any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with sever infections caused by bacteria in the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| a serious and potentially fatal compilation of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match |
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Term
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Definition
| a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found on all parts of the body;Aids in the production of cell membranes, some hormones, and vitamin D. |
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Term
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Definition
| a lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by an inadequate number of red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common form of anemia; Occurs when there is not enough iron within the body to create hemoglobin which is used to carry oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract; this vitamin is necessary in the formation of red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells to assume an abnormal sickle shape |
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Term
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Definition
| an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or sever anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cellst= than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| High Blood Pressure; the elevation of arterial blood pressure to a level that is likely to cause damage to the cardiovascular system |
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Term
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Definition
| low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up |
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Term
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Definition
| relating to an upright or standing position |
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Term
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Definition
| a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart |
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Term
| Digital Subtraction Angiography |
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Definition
| combines angiography with computerized components to clarify the view of the area of interest by removing the soft tissue and bones from the images |
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Term
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Definition
| a diagnostic procedure used to image the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Venography; a radiographic test that provides an image of the leg veins after a contrast dye is injected into a vein in the patient's foot |
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Term
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Definition
| a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythyms over a 24- or a 48-hour period |
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Term
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Definition
| a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| performed to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| a medication administered to lower blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat |
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blocker Agents |
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Definition
| cause the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells of these structures |
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Term
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Definition
| administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water |
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Term
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Definition
| a medication administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
| slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of blood clotting |
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Term
| Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs |
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Definition
| used to combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the undesirable cholesterol levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger |
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Term
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Definition
| strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up |
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Term
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Definition
| causes blood vessels to narrow |
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Term
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Definition
| a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina by dilating blood vessels to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| causes blood vessels to expand |
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Term
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Definition
| the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel |
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Term
| Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty |
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Definition
| balloon angioplasty; a procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| involves a laser on the end of a catheter, which uses beams of light to remove the plaque deposit |
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Term
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Definition
| a wire mesh tube that is commonly placed after the artery has been opened |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the condition in which an atrtery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain |
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Term
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) |
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Definition
| Bypass Surgery; in this operation, which requires opening the chest, a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and to improve the flow of blood to the heart |
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Term
| Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass |
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Definition
| Keyhole or Buttonhole Bypass; procedure is performed witht he aid of a fiberoptic camera through small openings between the ribs |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardioversion; the use of electrical shock to restore a heart's normal rhythym |
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Term
| Automated External Defibrillator (AED) |
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Definition
| designed for use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required |
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Term
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Definition
| used primarily as a treatment for bradycardia of atrial fibrillation. regulates the heartbeat |
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Term
| Automated Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator |
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Definition
| a double-action pacemaker; (1) constantly regulates heartbeat (2) if a dangerous disruption of the heart's rhythym occurs, it acts as an automatic defibrillator |
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Term
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
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Definition
| CPR; emergency procedure consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression |
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Term
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Definition
| Plasma Exchange; the removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the blood's celular elements |
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