Term
England sends major military attachment to America.
Which British Generals were sent to the colonies? |
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Definition
| Howe, Clinton, Burgoyne join Gage. |
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Definition
Minutemen wanted to stop soldiers from trespassing.
b. Mysterious "Shot heard round the world"
c. British victory - 8 dead colonists. |
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Definition
British advanced after Lexington.
British came to Concord to seize patriot's supply of gunpowder and weapons. Redcoats shot at as they crossed "old north bridge". American victory. |
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Definition
| civilian American militia men, mostly farmers, able to fight within minutes of alarm. |
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Definition
Desire complete independence.
Primarily from New England. |
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Term
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Definition
Wanted colonial rights guaranteed, but did not advocate complete independence.
Mostly from mid-Atlantic colonies.
John Dickinson of Pennsylvania was early leader |
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Term
| Formation of continental army |
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Definition
Intercolonial military.
George Washington chosen as commanding general.
As a Virginian, he could bring in more Southern Support.
Military experience in Seven Years War. |
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Term
| Seizure of Fort Ticonderoga |
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Definition
New York, May 10, 1775.
British Fort taken by patriots under Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen's "Green Mountain Boys".
Americans gain major artillery arsenal. |
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Term
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Definition
Fought on Breeds Hill near Boston on June 17, 1775.
"Don't shoot before you see the whites of their eyes".
British Victory.
General Howe wins battle but loses 40% of his men.
British Troops in Boston surrounded by patriots. |
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Term
| Independence Declared - Moderates slowly lose majority. |
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Definition
| Vote for Independence - July 2, 1776. |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence for United States of America |
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Definition
Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams.
2. Revised document of July 4, 1776 read publicly.
3. Enlightenment influenced - Jefferson used concepts by John Locke.
a. Natural Law.
b. Opposition to Divine-Right Monarchy.
c. Emphasis on Equality.
d. Unalienable Rights.
C. Various attitudes in America.
1. Strongest support for independence in New England.
2. Support by most anti-taxation writers - like English - born author Thomas Paine who wrote Common Sense. |
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Term
| Opposition strongest in Southern States. |
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Definition
Called "Loyalist" by themselves.
Called "Tories" by Patriots.
Wealthy tobacco growers & Anglican clergy were generally loyalists / Tories.
Historians estimate about 1/3 support revolution, 1/3 oppose, and 1/3 unsure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Washington's army crossed Delaware River with 2400 soldiers on Christmas Eve, 1776. At Dawn on Christmas Day, Continental army captures 1000 Hessians. |
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Term
| British captured New York in 1776 and Philadelphia, 1777. |
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Definition
| The Howe Brothers, general and admiral, British officers, took control of New York City. General Howe's army took most of the city, but Admiral Howe of the British Navy did not provide naval support in the East River. This allowed Washington's army to safely escape from British held New York City. After British soldiers took Philadelphia, Washington's men camped at nearby valley force during winter. British at the time moved into Philadelphia homes, while American's outside died of smallpox and starvation. |
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Term
| Battle of Oriskany, New York. |
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Definition
| This 1777 battle was between Americans, British, and Pro-British Iroquois nation of Indians. This American victory was beginning of the end for Iroquois Confederacy. |
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Term
| Battle of Saratoga, New York. |
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Definition
(TURNING POINT IN THE WAR)
Major American victory of October 17, 1777. Burgoyne surrenders 5000 soldiers. French agree to help Americans by recognizing American independence. Offering military, naval, and financial aid-after Saratoga. |
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Term
| British campaign in South: 1780 - 1781. |
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Definition
| Strategy: Push northward from Georgia reinstating royal colonial governments. British General Cornwallis captures Charleston, South Carolina on May 12, 1870. |
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Term
| Campaign in Western Carolinas. |
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Definition
| Francis "Swamp Fox" Marion - American Guerilla fighter in Carolina Swamps. Americans victorious at Hannah's Cowpens and Kings Mountain - British suffer heavy losses. |
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Term
| Battle of Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina. |
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Definition
| Americans led by General Greene technically lost to Cornwallis on March 15, 1781, but British Exhausted. Clinton orders Cornwallis to hold up in Virginia. |
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Term
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Definition
| French Army and Navy arrive and Washington's troops surround Cornwallis, Cornwallis surrenders Oct. 17, 1781. |
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Term
| Treaty of Paris Sept 3. 1783 |
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Definition
| Officially ends revolution. |
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