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Definition
| a long molecule consisting of many "building blocks" that are more or less the same |
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| the individual building blocks of a polymer |
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Definition
molecules that are HUGE like carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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| condensation/dehydration reaction |
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Definition
in order to bond, one monomer must donate an H+ and the other must donate and OH- These two ions then break off to form water, and the monomers are free to bind together. Awwww. |
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| when you want to break a polymer bond, you have to split a wate rmolecule so the respective H+ and OH- ions will split the monomer's covalent bond. |
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Definition
single sugars simple sugars the most basic of carbs. |
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Definition
monosacchride sugars combined with a dehydration reaction |
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Definition
sugars with multiple sacchrides. |
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Definition
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| hexoses trioses and pentoses |
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Definition
indicating the number of carbons in the chain. six, three and five respectivley. |
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Definition
where the sugar's carbonyl group is aldose is at the end ketose is in the middle. |
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Definition
| two polymers connected by a dehydraion bond. |
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a polymer of glucose found in humans and animals. |
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found in bugs and arthropods is usually leatheyr, but toughens up when exposed to salt. |
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| the one macromolecule that is NOT a polymer |
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Definition
lipids! they do not have repeating segments. lipids are grouped because they are hydrophobic. waxes, pigments.... |
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Term
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Definition
a major ingredient in lipids has 3 carbons, all with their own hydroxyl group. |
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Term
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Definition
the second ingredient in a lipid 16 to 18 carbons at one end of the carbon chain is a carboxyl group, which donates the acid properties the rest is a carbon chain with hydrogens attached by nonpolar bonds (hence, the hydrophobia) |
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Term
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Definition
three fatty acids + glycerol linked by ester linkage (bond between hydroxyl and carboxyl) (each fatty acid hooks up with one of the glycerol's hydroxyl groups) dehydration synthesis |
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Term
triglyceride/triacylglycerol |
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Definition
a three fatty acid and glycerol complex a fat |
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Term
| saturated/unsaturated fats |
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Definition
saturated with hydrogen unsaturated fats have double bonds between carbons, so that there's less hydrogen. unsaturated are better for you, mostly in plants, liquid at room temp. Kinking prevents them from building up in your arteries saturated fats are worse and are found in animals and are solid at room temperature. They lie flat in your blood stream |
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Definition
| animal cells that store fat |
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Term
| difference between a phospholipid and a fat |
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Definition
phospholipids have only two fatty acids, not three that third hydroxyl group bonds to a phosphate group, which is negatively charged. That phosphate group can then bind to other smaller molecules |
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Term
phospholipid behavior in water |
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Definition
tails hydrophobic phosphate group in chain is hydrophilic consequently forms cell membranes |
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Term
| double layered aggregates |
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Definition
| bilayers of cell membranes |
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Term
why steroids are steroids |
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Definition
carbon skeleton of four fused rings steroid differences arise from what molecules are attached to those rings. |
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Definition
first place 50% of cell dry mass is proteins |
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Definition
catalyze reactions reusable |
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Definition
polymers of nucleaic acids. duh |
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Definition
nitrogenous base pentose (five carbon sugar) phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the nucleotide without the phosphate group |
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Definition
a six membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms CT and U Purines: six membered ring fused to a five membered ring A and G |
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Term
| difference between DNA and RNA (chemical) |
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Definition
| RNA has an extra oxygen on the second carbon |
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Definition
between OH 3' of carbond and the 5' carbon on the next. forms pentose back bone |
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Definition
opposite each other (antiparellel) |
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first place because there are so many proteins |
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Definition
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| one or more polypeptides all bent |
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Definition
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Definition
H Amino group NH2 Carboxyl group O=C-OH R group |
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Definition
| a-symetric carbon found at the heart of amino acids |
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Definition
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| what makes glycine so cool? |
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Definition
no asymetric carbon the R group is just another H, so the carbon is symetric |
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Definition
| a dehydration reaction done by an enzyme that link the carboxyl and the amino groups of amino acids together. |
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Term
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Definition
amino terminal end of a polypeptide carboxyl end of a polypeptide |
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Definition
protein guy worked with insuling used chromatography to get things to overlap into recognizable form. |
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Definition
the specific sequence of amino acids 20^x number of possibilities |
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Definition
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Definition
| secondary helix structure formed by hydrogen bonds on every fourth amino acid |
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Definition
| zig zagged amino acid secondary structure. |
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Definition
| over all protein shape based on R group interactions |
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Definition
| when hydrophobic side chains end up clustered toward the center of the protein (where there's no water) |
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Definition
two cysteine monomers (-SH) are brought together by protien folding. help w/ tertiary structure |
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Definition
| overall form of protein and it's multiply poly peptides. |
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Term
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Definition
| valine replaces glutamic acid |
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Definition
done by temp, pH, salt unravel and lose pro shape denats often return to original shape when agonist is removed |
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Term
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Definition
chaperone proteins assist in folding of proteins |
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Term
| used to determine proteins shape: |
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Definition
x ray crystalloghrphy NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectrocopy |
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