1) Epithelial tissue

2) Connective tissue

3) Nervous tissue

4) Muscular tissue

1) Fibrous proteins

2) clear gel called ground substances

Matrix is also known as tissue fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, or tissue gel

1) Ectoderm

2) Mesoderm

3) Endoderm

Which tissue does the following describe?

1) sheets of closely packed adhering cells, one or more cells thick

2) covers the body and lines body cavities

3) upper surface usually exposed to the environment or an internal space inthe body

4) constitutes most glands

5) avascular

1) protect deeper tissues from injusry and infection

2) produce and release chemical secretions

3) excrete wastes

4) absorb chemicals including nutrients

5) selectively filter substances

6) sense stimuli

Embryology- the part of the embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to the nervous system

Anatomy- tissue composed of epithelial cells that are specialized to serve a sensory function, as the nasal mucosa and retina

Contain one layer of cells

named by shape of cells

all cells touch basement membrane

contain more than one layer of cells

named by shape of apical cells

some cells rest on top of others and do NOT touch the basement membrane

1) simple squamous

2) simple cuboidal

3) simple columnar

4) Pseudostratified

Permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances

Secretes serous fluid

Absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement

 Quick and easy diffusion

1) stratified squamous

2) stratified cuboidal

3) stratified columnar (rare)

4) transitional

Most named for shapes of their apical surface of cells

Keratinized

Nonkeratinized

Same as keratinzed without surface layer of dead cells

resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens

Secretes sweat

produces sperm

produces ovarian hormones

sweat gland ducts

ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules

a diverse, abundant type of tissue in which cells occupy less space than matrix

binding of organs

support of bones and cartilage

physical protection

immune protection

movement

storage of fat, calcium, and phosphorus

transport of blood

often found alongside blood vessels

secrete heparin to inhibit clotting

sectere histamine to dilate blood vessels

1) Collagenous fibers

2) Reticulat fibers

3) Elastic fibers

Collagen is most abundant of the body's proteins

tough, flexible, and stretch-resistant

tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of the skin are mostly collagen

less visible in matrix of cartilage and bone

thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein

form framework of spleen and lymph nodes

thinner than collagenous fibers

branch and rejoin each other

made of protein called elastin

allows for stretch and recoil

1) glycoaminoglycans

2) proteoglycans

3) adhesive glycoproteins

1) Loose connective tissue

2) Dense connective tissue

-dense regular

-dense irregular (very strong)

Loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels

underlies epitheli, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels

mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts

forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs

found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow

Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers

compressed fibroblast nuclei

elastic tissue froms wavy sheets in some locations

tendons attach muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together

densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers and few visible cells

withstands unpredictable stresses

locations: deeper layer of skin; capsules around organs

Often found alongside blood vessels

secrete heparin to inhibit clotting

secrete histamine to dilate blood vessels

tissue in which adipocytes are the dominant cell type

space between adipocytes is occupied by areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and blood capillaries

fat is the body's primary energy reservoir

the quantity of stored triglyceride and the number of adipocytes are quite stable in a person

fat is recycled continuously

the main type of fat (only fat in adults)

specimens resemble chicken wire

provides thermal insulation

cushions organs such as eyeballs, kidneys

contributes to body contours- female breasts and hips

Brown fat is found in fetuses, infants, and children

color comes from blood vessels and mitochondrial enzymes

functions as a heat-generating tissue

Stiff connective tissue with flexible matrix

gives shape to ear, tip of nose, and larynx

sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage

contains a reserve population of chondroblasts that contribute to cartilage growth throughout life

it contains no blood vessels

matrix is rich in GAGs and contains collagen fibes

types of cartilage vary with fiber composition

clear, glassy appearance because of fineness of collagen fibers

eases joint movement, holds airway open, moves vocal cords, growth of juvenile long long bones

locations: articular cartilage, costal cartilage, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton

cartilage containing abundance of elastic fibers

covered with perichondrium

provides flexible, elastic support

locations: external ear and epiglottis

cartilage containing large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers

resists compression and absorbs shock

locations: pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs

a calcified connective tissue

bnes of the skeleton are organs made of bone tissue, cartilage, marrow, and other tissue types

dense and mineralized

porous appearance

delicate struts of bone: trabeculae

covered by compact bone

founbd in heads of long bones and in middle of flat bones such as the sternum

denser, calcified tissue with no visible spaces

more complex arrangement

cells and matrix surround vertically oreiented blood vessels in long bones

in cylinders that surround central (haversian or osteonic) canals that run longitudinally through sharfts of long bones

bone matrix is depositied in concentric lamellae